{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809692153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","title":"Effect of task difficulty on blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a motion discrimination task","display_name":"Effect of task difficulty on blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a motion discrimination task","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809692153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","mag":"2809692153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29940043","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6016936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0199440&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0199440&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037233925","display_name":"Ren Na","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160507","display_name":"Center for Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05kje8j93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210160507","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China","Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041225531","display_name":"Taiyong Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-1937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-1937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182386381","display_name":"Zunyi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5b0g93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182386381"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiyong Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182386381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000739640","display_name":"Bosco S. Tjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1290-5811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1290-5811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bosco S. Tjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708472","display_name":"Zili Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-3433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-3433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zili Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386871","display_name":"Fang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-2354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-2354","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-1402","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-0766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160507","display_name":"Center for Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05kje8j93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210160507","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China","PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-2354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100386871","https://openalex.org/A5100708472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210160507"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.4459,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6121481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"e0199440","last_page":"e0199440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-difficulty","display_name":"task difficulty","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bold-signal","display_name":"BOLD signal","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-discrimination","display_name":"motion discrimination","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-dot-motion","display_name":"random dot motion","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"visual cortex","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parietal-cortex","display_name":"parietal cortex","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-cortex","display_name":"frontal cortex","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-functions","display_name":"psychometric functions","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-vision","display_name":"peripheral vision","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foveal-vision","display_name":"foveal vision","score":0.8069999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.8333256244659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.6673955917358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.614120602607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780238834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796855","display_name":"Blood-oxygen-level dependent","level":3,"score":0.5764032006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6757342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3486606","display_name":"Posterior parietal cortex","level":2,"score":0.5669712424278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5016775131225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.485705703496933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4574635624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48575856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852504","display_name":"Motion perception","level":3,"score":0.43395358324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.4331235885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.4234324097633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3726786673069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2771572470664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23515039682388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.20061901211738586}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004192","descriptor_name":"Discrimination, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0199440&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4986933","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6016936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6016936","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6016936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29940043","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29940043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0199440","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9577baf95dd445593ab3f51128c21cf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9577baf95dd445593ab3f51128c21cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 6, p e0199440 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt85b1c9t8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85b1c9t8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, vol 13, iss 6","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6670139","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Effect_of_task_difficulty_on_blood-oxygen-level-dependent_signal_A_functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging_study_in_a_motion_discrimination_task/6670139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199440","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0199440&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1919465925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61621136008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2367530907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31421003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4329915365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC 61527804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4465373270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC 61621136008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G639214180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61527804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7906371629","display_name":"\u89c6\u89c9\u62e5\u6324\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236","funder_award_id":"31671168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809692153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809692153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928394815","https://openalex.org/W1952680005","https://openalex.org/W1973798575","https://openalex.org/W1974297074","https://openalex.org/W1978135580","https://openalex.org/W1978509807","https://openalex.org/W1982987794","https://openalex.org/W1993043561","https://openalex.org/W1993116051","https://openalex.org/W1998540136","https://openalex.org/W2003687584","https://openalex.org/W2005594785","https://openalex.org/W2028488819","https://openalex.org/W2035896002","https://openalex.org/W2047704070","https://openalex.org/W2056719047","https://openalex.org/W2064862116","https://openalex.org/W2065229551","https://openalex.org/W2075076287","https://openalex.org/W2088633797","https://openalex.org/W2090813996","https://openalex.org/W2094567864","https://openalex.org/W2094867398","https://openalex.org/W2097395964","https://openalex.org/W2098324681","https://openalex.org/W2098472342","https://openalex.org/W2100168283","https://openalex.org/W2101636354","https://openalex.org/W2111746164","https://openalex.org/W2119119718","https://openalex.org/W2124088405","https://openalex.org/W2134888862","https://openalex.org/W2135075084","https://openalex.org/W2140609986","https://openalex.org/W2149903204","https://openalex.org/W2151103178","https://openalex.org/W2156156415","https://openalex.org/W2160027210","https://openalex.org/W2591032847","https://openalex.org/W4239000558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892694092","https://openalex.org/W2575975340","https://openalex.org/W4225246947","https://openalex.org/W4311608962","https://openalex.org/W2011987095","https://openalex.org/W2112412574","https://openalex.org/W4232548756","https://openalex.org/W2168801837","https://openalex.org/W2024471987","https://openalex.org/W1821740541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,11,264],"much":[2],"evidence":[3,239],"that":[4,269],"neural":[5],"activity":[6,60,188,230],"in":[7,17,28,42,66,99,169,197,205,212,216,246,260],"the":[8,43,47,73,77,119,138,149,152,175,179,183,198,206,209,232,247,254,271,283,287],"human":[9],"brain":[10,59,145],"modulated":[12],"by":[13,71],"task":[14,64,193],"difficulty,":[15],"particularly":[16],"visual,":[18],"frontal,":[19],"and":[20,83,92,96,102,140,161,167,200,215,218,234,249],"parietal":[21,210],"cortices.":[22],"However,":[23],"some":[24],"basic":[25],"psychophysical":[26],"tasks":[27],"visual":[29,44,150,207,220],"perception":[30],"do":[31],"not":[32,41],"give":[33],"rise":[34],"to":[35,57,174],"this":[36],"expected":[37],"effect,":[38],"at":[39],"least":[40],"cortex.":[45],"In":[46],"current":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"used":[51,88],"functional":[52],"magnetic":[53],"resonance":[54],"imaging":[55],"(fMRI)":[56],"record":[58],"while":[61],"systematically":[62],"manipulating":[63],"difficulty":[65,241],"a":[67,84,90,190],"motion":[68,78,261],"discrimination":[69],"task,":[70],"varying":[72],"angular":[74,110],"difference":[75,227],"between":[76,137,228],"direction":[79],"of":[80,112,178,192,240,278,286],"random":[81],"dots":[82],"reference":[85],"direction.":[86],"We":[87,257],"both":[89,100,170,213],"blocked":[91,139,255],"an":[93],"event-related":[94,141],"design,":[95],"presented":[97],"stimuli":[98],"central":[101],"peripheral":[103,219],"vision.":[104],"The":[105,125],"behavioral":[106],"psychometric":[107,273],"function,":[108],"across":[109,143,275],"differences":[111],"3\u00b0,":[113],"9\u00b0,":[114],"15\u00b0,":[115],"or":[116],"80\u00b0,":[117],"spanned":[118],"full":[120],"response":[121,154],"range,":[122],"as":[123,189],"expected.":[124],"mean":[126],"blood":[127],"oxygen":[128],"level":[129],"dependent":[130],"(BOLD)":[131],"signals":[132],"were":[133,195],"also":[134],"correlated":[135,156],"within-participants":[136],"designs,":[142,171,214],"all":[144],"areas":[146],"tested.":[147],"Within":[148],"cortex,":[151,208,211],"voxel":[153],"patterns":[155],"more":[157],"within-conditions":[158],"(e.g.,":[159,165],"3\u00b0":[160,166,233],"3\u00b0)":[162],"than":[163],"between-conditions":[164],"9\u00b0),":[168],"further":[172],"attesting":[173],"reasonable":[176],"quality":[177],"BOLD":[180,187,229,267],"data.":[181],"Nevertheless,":[182],"BOLD-o-metric":[184],"functions":[185],"(i.e.,":[186],"function":[191,274],"difficulty)":[194],"flat":[196],"whole-brain":[199],"region-of-interest":[201],"(ROI)":[202],"analyses,":[203],"including":[204],"foveal":[217],"fields":[221],"alike.":[222],"Indeed,":[223],"there":[224,263],"was":[225,243],"little":[226],"during":[231],"80\u00b0":[235],"conditions.":[236],"Some":[237],"suggestive":[238],"modulation":[242,268],"revealed":[244],"only":[245],"superior":[248],"inferior":[250],"frontal":[251,284],"gyri":[252],"for":[253,282],"design.":[256],"conclude":[258],"that,":[259],"discrimination,":[262],"no":[265],"systematic":[266],"accompanies":[270],"standard":[272],"different":[276],"hierarchies":[277],"cortical":[279],"areas,":[280],"except":[281],"lobe":[285],"brain.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}