{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809543070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","title":"Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Dementia: A Challenge for Epidemiology and Biomarker Studies","display_name":"Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Dementia: A Challenge for Epidemiology and Biomarker Studies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809543070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","mag":"2809543070","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29971228","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6018385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081383005","display_name":"Joanne L. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-6325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-6325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joanne Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003128618","display_name":"Peter Fransquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-0557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-0557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Fransquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021255688","display_name":"Jo Wrigglesworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-4775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-4775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo Wrigglesworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001292564","display_name":"Paul A Lacaze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-6798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-6798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Lacaze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081383005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":6.0887,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97256754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14144","display_name":"Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotypic-heterogeneity","display_name":"phenotypic heterogeneity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misclassification-bias","display_name":"misclassification bias","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-risk-factors","display_name":"genetic risk factors","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropathology","display_name":"neuropathology","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-trajectories","display_name":"disease trajectories","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction-model","display_name":"risk prediction model","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.6982816457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.6217302083969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6151772737503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.487621933221817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.4730070233345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3647578954696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3612806797027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31895649433135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.21707549691200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.18427345156669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17976778745651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4979048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6018385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6018385","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6018385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29971228","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29971228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:monash.edu:openaire/f19c1d9a-6882-4645-b7b9-c95ceb2bb8d2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.monash.edu/files/248842185/248842087_oa.pdf","pdf_url":"https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/248842185/248842087_oa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402625","display_name":"Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","host_organization_name":"Monash University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ryan, J, Fransquet, P, Wrigglesworth, J & Lacaze, P 2018, 'Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Dementia : A Challenge for Epidemiology and Biomarker Studies', Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 6, 00181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ca90d7678874a228e62c8bbf7df71cf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ca90d7678874a228e62c8bbf7df71cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 6 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30166378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20609154","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Phenotypic_heterogeneity_in_dementia_A_challenge_for_epidemiology_and_biomarker_studies/20609154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/271720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11343/271720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00181/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8753406795","display_name":"Comprehensive risk prediction models and presymptomatic biomarkers for dementia","funder_award_id":"1135727","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","funder_display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320971","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809543070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809543070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504356022","https://openalex.org/W1602781425","https://openalex.org/W1747781838","https://openalex.org/W1870043354","https://openalex.org/W1897859562","https://openalex.org/W1921353230","https://openalex.org/W1951340543","https://openalex.org/W1975216966","https://openalex.org/W1977867417","https://openalex.org/W1978124765","https://openalex.org/W1980991473","https://openalex.org/W1983436690","https://openalex.org/W1988404208","https://openalex.org/W1993571512","https://openalex.org/W1998795712","https://openalex.org/W2012611625","https://openalex.org/W2033354781","https://openalex.org/W2060851420","https://openalex.org/W2067203120","https://openalex.org/W2092998885","https://openalex.org/W2098500495","https://openalex.org/W2100133323","https://openalex.org/W2102452910","https://openalex.org/W2102572922","https://openalex.org/W2103346709","https://openalex.org/W2105752911","https://openalex.org/W2106786486","https://openalex.org/W2113518834","https://openalex.org/W2114293963","https://openalex.org/W2115017507","https://openalex.org/W2116709840","https://openalex.org/W2134121616","https://openalex.org/W2136520115","https://openalex.org/W2138685200","https://openalex.org/W2145741244","https://openalex.org/W2151197773","https://openalex.org/W2158878844","https://openalex.org/W2162081270","https://openalex.org/W2171250577","https://openalex.org/W2204598681","https://openalex.org/W2207696950","https://openalex.org/W2254593627","https://openalex.org/W2298299086","https://openalex.org/W2528917098","https://openalex.org/W2562643368","https://openalex.org/W2567403639","https://openalex.org/W2587607872","https://openalex.org/W2594498166","https://openalex.org/W2689830346","https://openalex.org/W2727841528","https://openalex.org/W2765369317","https://openalex.org/W2765929540","https://openalex.org/W2767280000","https://openalex.org/W2796455233","https://openalex.org/W2798054687","https://openalex.org/W2804513999","https://openalex.org/W4240214838","https://openalex.org/W4241875855","https://openalex.org/W4243102591","https://openalex.org/W4254133283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896683539","https://openalex.org/W2467886585","https://openalex.org/W211873691","https://openalex.org/W7213978199","https://openalex.org/W2105718997","https://openalex.org/W4387692976","https://openalex.org/W7096076543","https://openalex.org/W202585222","https://openalex.org/W2113268800","https://openalex.org/W7095106227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dementia":[0,30],"can":[1,40,108],"result":[2,109],"from":[3],"a":[4,64,182,192],"number":[5],"of":[6,56,80,163,176,199,222,231,236,244],"distinct":[7],"diseases":[8],"with":[9,24,46,53],"differing":[10],"etiology":[11],"and":[12,27,37,39,59,83,90,166,169],"pathophysiology.":[13],"Even":[14],"within":[15],"the":[16,54,70,154,161,174,177,189,197,215,220,229,237,242],"same":[17],"disease,":[18,238],"there":[19],"is":[20,32,146],"considerable":[21],"phenotypic":[22],"heterogeneity":[23],"varying":[25],"symptoms":[26,58],"disease":[28,113],"trajectories.":[29],"diagnosis":[31],"thus":[33],"very":[34],"complex,":[35],"time-consuming,":[36],"expensive":[38],"only":[41],"be":[42,158,171],"made":[43],"definitively":[44],"post-mortem":[45],"histopathological":[47],"confirmation.":[48],"These":[49],"inherent":[50],"difficulties":[51],"combined":[52],"overlap":[55],"some":[57],"even":[60,142,239],"neuropathological":[61],"features,":[62,202],"present":[63],"challenging":[65],"problem":[66],"for":[67,127,136,160],"research":[68],"in":[69,77,95,110,120,139,152,153],"field.":[71],"This":[72],"has":[73,214],"likely":[74],"hampered":[75],"progress":[76],"epidemiological":[78],"studies":[79,98],"risk":[81,235],"factors":[82],"preventative":[84],"interventions,":[85],"as":[86,88,191,226,228],"well":[87,227],"genetic":[89,165,224],"biomarker":[91,167],"research.":[92],"Resource":[93],"limitations":[94],"large":[96],"epidemiologically":[97],"mean":[99],"that":[100],"limited":[101],"diagnostic":[102],"criteria":[103],"are":[104,125],"often":[105],"used,":[106],"which":[107,156],"phenotypically":[111],"heterogeneous":[112,129],"states":[114],"being":[115],"grouped":[116],"together,":[117],"potentially":[118],"resulting":[119],"misclassification":[121],"bias.":[122],"When":[123],"biomarkers":[124],"identified":[126],"etiologically":[128],"diseases,":[130],"they":[131],"will":[132,207],"have":[133],"low":[134],"specificity":[135],"any":[137],"utility":[138],"clinical":[140,205,245],"practice,":[141],"if":[143],"their":[144],"sensitivity":[145],"high.":[147],"We":[148],"highlight":[149],"several":[150],"challenges":[151],"field":[155],"must":[157],"addressed":[159],"success":[162],"future":[164],"studies,":[168],"may":[170],"key":[172],"to":[173,217,219,241],"development":[175],"most":[178],"effective":[179],"treatments.":[180],"As":[181],"step":[183],"toward":[184],"achieving":[185],"this":[186],"goal,":[187],"defining":[188],"dementia":[190],"biological":[193],"construct":[194],"based":[195],"on":[196],"presence":[198],"specific":[200],"pathological":[201],"rather":[203],"than":[204],"symptoms,":[206],"enable":[208],"more":[209],"precise":[210],"predictive":[211],"models.":[212],"It":[213],"potential":[216],"lead":[218],"discovery":[221],"novel":[223],"variants,":[225],"identification":[230],"individuals":[232],"at":[233],"heightened":[234],"prior":[240],"appearance":[243],"symptoms.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-29T00:00:00"}