{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809453097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth Following Indirect Trauma from the Sewol Ferry Disaster, 2014","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth Following Indirect Trauma from the Sewol Ferry Disaster, 2014","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809453097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","mag":"2809453097","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29940715","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6018149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","pdf_url":"https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/upload/pdf/pi-2017-12-03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121704485","display_name":"Psychiatry Investigation","issn_l":"1738-3684","issn":["1738-3684","1976-3026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","kci-registered","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365920587","host_organization_name":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365920587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Neuropsychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/upload/pdf/pi-2017-12-03.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014439629","display_name":"Aekyeong Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-3019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-3019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094082","display_name":"Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00njt2653","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167048","display_name":"Hallym University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydxj072","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aekyeong Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054566697","display_name":"Hong-seock Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178889419","display_name":"Daegu Cyber University","ror":"https://ror.org/027yf1g97","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094082","display_name":"Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00njt2653","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167048","display_name":"Hallym University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydxj072","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong-seock Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Daegu Cyber University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Daegu Cyber University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041627967","display_name":"Heung-Pyo Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178889419","display_name":"Daegu Cyber University","ror":"https://ror.org/027yf1g97","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094082","display_name":"Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00njt2653","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167048","display_name":"Hallym University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydxj072","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heung-pyo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Daegu Cyber University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Daegu Cyber University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028263693","display_name":"Yun\u2013Kyeung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-6783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-6783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-kyeung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331201","display_name":"Jae\u2010Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5562-0720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5562-0720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054566697"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419","https://openalex.org/I4210094082","https://openalex.org/I4210167048"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7949,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73424788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"613","last_page":"619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11388","display_name":"Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-traumatic-growth","display_name":"posttraumatic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-trauma","display_name":"indirect trauma","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vicarious-trauma","display_name":"vicarious trauma","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewol-ferry-disaster","display_name":"Sewol ferry disaster","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-exposure","display_name":"disaster exposure","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-exposure","display_name":"media exposure","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptsd-symptom-severity","display_name":"PTSD symptom severity","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-development","display_name":"religious development","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korean-population","display_name":"Korean population","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.8811883926391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779995187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234505","display_name":"Posttraumatic growth","level":2,"score":0.5629706382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4554975628852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.453857958316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.44376614689826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4346475899219513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4048798978328705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4000716507434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.39484405517578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.35320574045181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3408200144767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33988863229751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","pdf_url":"https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/upload/pdf/pi-2017-12-03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121704485","display_name":"Psychiatry Investigation","issn_l":"1738-3684","issn":["1738-3684","1976-3026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","kci-registered","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365920587","host_organization_name":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365920587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Neuropsychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4971806","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6018149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29940715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29940715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry investigation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6018149","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6018149/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry Investig","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.12.03","pdf_url":"https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/upload/pdf/pi-2017-12-03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121704485","display_name":"Psychiatry Investigation","issn_l":"1738-3684","issn":["1738-3684","1976-3026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","kci-registered","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365920587","host_organization_name":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365920587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Neuropsychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3010090847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013S1A3A2043448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809453097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809453097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144370295","https://openalex.org/W1763254284","https://openalex.org/W1791961382","https://openalex.org/W1915047932","https://openalex.org/W1964459325","https://openalex.org/W1983840092","https://openalex.org/W1986709061","https://openalex.org/W1989253089","https://openalex.org/W1994617632","https://openalex.org/W1997405750","https://openalex.org/W2002181463","https://openalex.org/W2004795940","https://openalex.org/W2007498772","https://openalex.org/W2023570280","https://openalex.org/W2023741322","https://openalex.org/W2028790406","https://openalex.org/W2033002423","https://openalex.org/W2033791211","https://openalex.org/W2047238444","https://openalex.org/W2061777840","https://openalex.org/W2072944527","https://openalex.org/W2074350217","https://openalex.org/W2076123050","https://openalex.org/W2084499621","https://openalex.org/W2087435779","https://openalex.org/W2087675711","https://openalex.org/W2090578660","https://openalex.org/W2095536516","https://openalex.org/W2108778743","https://openalex.org/W2112913459","https://openalex.org/W2114214919","https://openalex.org/W2115660065","https://openalex.org/W2121072935","https://openalex.org/W2122274323","https://openalex.org/W2131946459","https://openalex.org/W2139994007","https://openalex.org/W2146640944","https://openalex.org/W2152085803","https://openalex.org/W2154327229","https://openalex.org/W2155406957","https://openalex.org/W2158230509","https://openalex.org/W2160583614","https://openalex.org/W2164214873","https://openalex.org/W2278415636","https://openalex.org/W2283079737","https://openalex.org/W2295571150","https://openalex.org/W2463996528","https://openalex.org/W2561491022","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994469953","https://openalex.org/W2908449558","https://openalex.org/W2793669862","https://openalex.org/W3089562802","https://openalex.org/W3120827278","https://openalex.org/W3172072789","https://openalex.org/W4387711462","https://openalex.org/W2599053534","https://openalex.org/W1974279294","https://openalex.org/W2078529247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,101,121,184,217],"definition":[2],"of":[3,56,64,89,93,112,125,194],"psychological":[4],"trauma,":[5],"which":[6],"was":[7,140],"traditionally":[8],"restricted":[9],"to":[10,18,29,41,72,109,133,154],"immediate":[11],"and":[12,37,53,97,146,197,210],"direct":[13,214],"experience,":[14],"is":[15],"now":[16],"expanding":[17],"include":[19],"mediated":[20],"or":[21,135],"vicarious":[22],"experience.":[23],"So":[24],"the":[25,31,34,38,47,57,65,73,78,110,126,144,147,155,192],"present":[26],"study":[27],"aims":[28],"examine":[30],"relationship":[32],"between":[33,191],"negative":[35],"effects":[36],"positive":[39],"outcomes":[40],"a":[42,85,163,169,187],"national":[43],"disaster":[44,76],"by":[45],"assessing":[46],"posttraumatic":[48,54,198,211],"stress":[49,130],"disorder":[50],"(PTSD)":[51],"symptoms":[52,131,196,209],"growth":[55,139,178,199,212],"general":[58,188],"public.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"A":[61],"nationwide":[62],"survey":[63],"Korean":[66],"population":[67],"(n=811)":[68],"who":[69],"were":[70,103,118,224],"exposed":[71],"Sewol":[74],"ferry":[75],"through":[77],"media":[79],"participated":[80],"in":[81,143],"this":[82],"research,":[83],"completing":[84],"self-report":[86],"questionnaire":[87],"consisting":[88],"demographic":[90],"characteristics,":[91],"Impact":[92],"Event":[94],"Scale-Revised-":[95],"Korean,":[96],"Korean-Stress-related":[98],"Growth":[99],"Scale-Revised.":[100],"participants":[102,128],"divided":[104],"into":[105],"three":[106],"groups":[107,151],"according":[108],"severity":[111,193],"PTSD":[113,149,195,208],"symptoms,":[114],"then":[115],"one-way":[116],"ANOVA":[117],"conducted.":[119],"RESULTS:":[120],"results":[122,185],"revealed":[123],"30.4%":[124],"sampled":[127],"reported":[129],"equivalent":[132],"partial":[134,148],"full":[136,145],"PTSD.":[137],"Posttraumatic":[138],"significantly":[141],"higher":[142],"symptom":[150],"when":[152],"compared":[153],"normal":[156],"group":[157],"[F":[158,173,179],"(2,":[159,180],"759)=20.534,":[160],"p<0.001].":[161],"At":[162],"subscale":[164],"level,":[165,200],"mature":[166],"thinking":[167],"showed":[168],"more":[170],"significant":[171],"result":[172],"(2,759)=23.146,":[174],"p<0.001]":[175],"than":[176],"religious":[177],"180.984)=4.811,":[181],"p<0.01].":[182],"CONCLUSION:":[183],"indicated":[186],"linear":[189],"trend":[190],"suggesting":[201],"that":[202],"indirect":[203],"trauma":[204,215],"also":[205],"induces":[206],"both":[207],"like":[213],"does.":[216],"theoretical":[218],"implications":[219],"based":[220],"on":[221],"these":[222],"findings":[223],"discussed.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2018-06-29T00:00:00"}