{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809366182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","title":"Early life shocks and mental health: The long-term effect of war in Vietnam","display_name":"Early life shocks and mental health: The long-term effect of war in Vietnam","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809366182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","mag":"2809366182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818302268/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818302268/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076263031","display_name":"Saurabh Singhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-2593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-2593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32309878","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32309878","https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNU-WIDER, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, Helsinki 00160, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNU-WIDER, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, Helsinki 00160, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32309878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076263031"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32309878"],"apc_list":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"apc_paid":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"fwci":8.5326,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":162,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98030344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"141","issue":null,"first_page":"102244","last_page":"102244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.5313000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.5313000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.219200000166893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.06480000168085098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnam-war","display_name":"Vietnam War","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consequences-of-war","display_name":"consequences of war","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-distress","display_name":"psychological distress","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-mental-health","display_name":"adult mental health","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54589662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8740","display_name":"Vietnam War","level":2,"score":0.6380359530448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5989347696304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.5619659423828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5095512866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5062083601951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.49984169006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.44490814208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.40403592586517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.22166216373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.21036192774772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17467725276947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15507519245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.11588048934936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10086417198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818302268/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2018-65","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2018-65.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2018-65.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-65","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2018-65.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2018-65.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hic:wpaper:270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hicn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/HiCN-WP-270.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hicn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/HiCN-WP-270.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:deveco:v:141:y:2019:i:c:s0304387818302268","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818302268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818302268/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306452","display_name":"NFL Charities","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahvm174"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322663","display_name":"Universiteit Stellenbosch","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809366182.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809366182.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110114821","https://openalex.org/W382933510","https://openalex.org/W577618873","https://openalex.org/W1489162372","https://openalex.org/W1493143797","https://openalex.org/W1507227758","https://openalex.org/W1521716432","https://openalex.org/W1527151119","https://openalex.org/W1538186877","https://openalex.org/W1608931217","https://openalex.org/W1786777582","https://openalex.org/W1977347639","https://openalex.org/W1978371266","https://openalex.org/W1984315961","https://openalex.org/W1986802556","https://openalex.org/W1990898180","https://openalex.org/W1993542398","https://openalex.org/W2001458637","https://openalex.org/W2030295018","https://openalex.org/W2037468783","https://openalex.org/W2047941130","https://openalex.org/W2062682953","https://openalex.org/W2064367814","https://openalex.org/W2073340225","https://openalex.org/W2077878361","https://openalex.org/W2081244586","https://openalex.org/W2102303177","https://openalex.org/W2110230284","https://openalex.org/W2112778345","https://openalex.org/W2114139198","https://openalex.org/W2115298650","https://openalex.org/W2119443997","https://openalex.org/W2125053847","https://openalex.org/W2127884060","https://openalex.org/W2133149494","https://openalex.org/W2134291350","https://openalex.org/W2138884119","https://openalex.org/W2142425121","https://openalex.org/W2154277958","https://openalex.org/W2160307197","https://openalex.org/W2160930810","https://openalex.org/W2168505442","https://openalex.org/W2169392512","https://openalex.org/W2169545145","https://openalex.org/W2170899448","https://openalex.org/W2171340584","https://openalex.org/W2240610192","https://openalex.org/W2246985176","https://openalex.org/W2258166665","https://openalex.org/W2275231661","https://openalex.org/W2285251027","https://openalex.org/W2285407972","https://openalex.org/W2354657987","https://openalex.org/W2393298344","https://openalex.org/W2464230489","https://openalex.org/W2594748377","https://openalex.org/W2596362697","https://openalex.org/W2613611060","https://openalex.org/W2765890829","https://openalex.org/W2767714711","https://openalex.org/W2798691085","https://openalex.org/W3024878631","https://openalex.org/W3121163664","https://openalex.org/W3121976020","https://openalex.org/W3122584406","https://openalex.org/W3123186229","https://openalex.org/W3123778313","https://openalex.org/W3123944454","https://openalex.org/W3124481655","https://openalex.org/W3125382477","https://openalex.org/W3125459821","https://openalex.org/W3126088874","https://openalex.org/W3134537863","https://openalex.org/W3144040573","https://openalex.org/W4294185218","https://openalex.org/W6637965656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7027978272","https://openalex.org/W3202516037","https://openalex.org/W4287844703","https://openalex.org/W4414942048","https://openalex.org/W4395451109","https://openalex.org/W2300302962","https://openalex.org/W4392894886","https://openalex.org/W7119473903","https://openalex.org/W3118456791","https://openalex.org/W2771403937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"causal":[3],"evidence":[4,22,95],"on":[5,10,96],"early-life":[6,25],"exposure":[7,26],"to":[8,27,72,93],"war":[9,32,82],"mental":[11,52],"health":[12],"status":[13],"in":[14,33,42,54],"adulthood.":[15],"Using":[16],"an":[17],"instrumental":[18],"variable":[19],"strategy,":[20],"the":[21,30,48,65,94,97],"indicates":[23],"that":[24],"bombing":[28,43],"during":[29,45],"American":[31],"Vietnam":[34],"has":[35],"long-term":[36],"effects.":[37],"A":[38],"one":[39],"percent":[40,63],"increase":[41],"intensity":[44],"1965\u201375":[46],"increases":[47],"likelihood":[49],"of":[50,64,75,81,100],"severe":[51],"distress":[53],"adulthood":[55],"by":[56],"16":[57],"percentage":[58],"points":[59],"(or":[60],"approximately":[61],"50":[62],"mean)":[66],"and":[67,88,102],"this":[68],"result":[69],"is":[70],"robust":[71],"a":[73,104],"variety":[74],"sensitivity":[76],"checks.":[77],"The":[78],"negative":[79],"effects":[80],"are":[83],"similar":[84],"for":[85,107],"both":[86],"men":[87],"women.":[89],"These":[90],"findings":[91],"add":[92],"enduring":[98],"consequences":[99],"conflict":[101],"identify":[103],"critical":[105],"area":[106],"policy":[108],"intervention.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2018-06-29T00:00:00"}
