{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808511416","doi":null,"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for spontaneous ascitic fluid infection in outpatient cirrhotics undergoing therapeutic paracentesis.","display_name":"Prevalence and risk factors for spontaneous ascitic fluid infection in outpatient cirrhotics undergoing therapeutic paracentesis.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808511416","mag":"2808511416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2808511416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/1583/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051372196","display_name":"Pazhanivel Mohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-4382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-4382"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pazhanivel Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-4382","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051372196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-bacterial-peritonitis","display_name":"spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-paracentesis","display_name":"therapeutic paracentesis","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-volume-paracentesis","display_name":"large-volume paracentesis","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascitic-fluid-infection","display_name":"ascitic fluid infection","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascitic-fluid-culture","display_name":"ascitic fluid culture","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis-complications","display_name":"cirrhosis complications","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascites-management","display_name":"ascites management","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteremia","display_name":"bacteremia","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-encephalopathy","display_name":"hepatic encephalopathy","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variceal-bleeding","display_name":"variceal bleeding","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatorenal-syndrome","display_name":"hepatorenal syndrome","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777364826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3128789","display_name":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","level":3,"score":0.9058307409286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8861918449401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780496750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193889","display_name":"Ascites","level":2,"score":0.8759912252426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776258039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4254147","display_name":"Paracentesis","level":3,"score":0.8224121332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247131","display_name":"Hepatorenal syndrome","level":3,"score":0.7975845336914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.7245250940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780325230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642548","display_name":"Hepatic encephalopathy","level":3,"score":0.588591456413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.5463065505027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.5179354548454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49259811639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780199535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223102","display_name":"Peritonitis","level":2,"score":0.4599885046482086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.36169058084487915}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2808511416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/1583/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128879205","https://openalex.org/W1485835210","https://openalex.org/W1503233297","https://openalex.org/W1589998414","https://openalex.org/W1608294118","https://openalex.org/W1844667197","https://openalex.org/W1964452095","https://openalex.org/W1968720473","https://openalex.org/W1970294593","https://openalex.org/W1970908264","https://openalex.org/W1977034843","https://openalex.org/W1977626961","https://openalex.org/W1979124801","https://openalex.org/W1982407433","https://openalex.org/W1984758794","https://openalex.org/W1987118550","https://openalex.org/W1988027713","https://openalex.org/W1995876098","https://openalex.org/W1999206649","https://openalex.org/W2001137775","https://openalex.org/W2005432852","https://openalex.org/W2006729455","https://openalex.org/W2008725020","https://openalex.org/W2009336707","https://openalex.org/W2010444303","https://openalex.org/W2012654744","https://openalex.org/W2016111787","https://openalex.org/W2019828582","https://openalex.org/W2024996803","https://openalex.org/W2029771605","https://openalex.org/W2031366644","https://openalex.org/W2032060910","https://openalex.org/W2040931893","https://openalex.org/W2054822679","https://openalex.org/W2057575003","https://openalex.org/W2058705884","https://openalex.org/W2061078050","https://openalex.org/W2061805757","https://openalex.org/W2062744173","https://openalex.org/W2075707663","https://openalex.org/W2079920378","https://openalex.org/W2082559972","https://openalex.org/W2094136578","https://openalex.org/W2095248125","https://openalex.org/W2098045470","https://openalex.org/W2105170362","https://openalex.org/W2108264364","https://openalex.org/W2116352191","https://openalex.org/W2117867130","https://openalex.org/W2118555459","https://openalex.org/W2120693726","https://openalex.org/W2122539297","https://openalex.org/W2124743988","https://openalex.org/W2130289880","https://openalex.org/W2131206408","https://openalex.org/W2138098482","https://openalex.org/W2142578371","https://openalex.org/W2149266696","https://openalex.org/W2151039065","https://openalex.org/W2155339307","https://openalex.org/W2165669261","https://openalex.org/W2168691817","https://openalex.org/W2322673970","https://openalex.org/W2405836283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968419633","https://openalex.org/W81686788","https://openalex.org/W2909674398","https://openalex.org/W2107749801","https://openalex.org/W2061805757","https://openalex.org/W6929980481","https://openalex.org/W2332133054","https://openalex.org/W3142556015","https://openalex.org/W2324440236","https://openalex.org/W1958075455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION":[0],":\r\nAscites":[1],"is":[2,32,110,132,194],"the":[3,16,33,81,176,187,195,212,265,272,286,313,320,347,352,378,391,400],"most":[4,34],"common":[5,35],"complication":[6,36,90],"of":[7,22,43,58,80,125,144,166,178,182,244,263,280,315,349,402,410,428],"cirrhosis":[8,69,115,131],"followed":[9,97],"by\r\nhepatic":[10],"encephalopathy":[11],"and":[12,51,64,70,88,103,116,136,260,288,327,384,405],"variceal":[13],"hemorrhage.":[14],"In":[15],"natural":[17],"history\r\nof":[18],"compensated":[19],"cirrhosis,":[20],"50%":[21],"patients":[23,44,129,145,167,236,246],"develop":[24],"ascites":[25,46,59,71,170,200,303,331],"during":[26],"10":[27],"years\r\nof":[28],"follow":[29],"up.1":[30],"It":[31,209],"that":[37,91,201,319],"leads":[38],"to":[39,76,206,253,284,394,431],"hospital\r\nadmission.":[40],"15%":[42],"with":[45,68,140,146,168,199,215,420],"succumb":[47],"in":[48,53,114,121,127,138,186,233,271,332,355,366,386,399,422,434],"1":[49],"year":[50],"44%":[52],"5\r\nyears.":[54],"The":[55,123,225],"major":[56],"complications":[57],"are":[60,202],"refractory":[61,205],"ascites,\r\nhepatorenal":[62],"syndrome":[63],"spontaneous":[65,183,350,396,411],"bacterial":[66,94,107,184,293,323],"peritonitis.\r\nPatients":[67],"show":[72],"a":[73,111],"higher":[74],"susceptibility":[75],"bacterial\r\ninfections":[77],"mainly":[78],"because":[79],"inadequate":[82],"defense":[83],"mechanisms.":[84],"The\r\nmost":[85],"frequent":[86],"infectious":[87],"severe":[89],"occurs":[92],"is\r\nspontaneous":[93],"peritonitis":[95,108,185,294],"(25%),":[96],"by":[98],"urinary":[99],"infections\r\n(20%),":[100],"pneumonia":[101],"(15%)":[102],"bacteremia":[104],"(12%)":[105],"\r\nSpontaneous":[106],"(SBP)":[109],"potentially":[112],"life-threatening\r\ncomplication":[113],"has":[117],"typically":[118],"been":[119],"described":[120],"hospitalized\r\npatients.":[122],"prevalence":[124,287,321],"SBP":[126,251],"hospitalized":[128],"with\r\ndecompensated":[130],"10%":[133],"-":[134],"30%.":[135],"18%":[137],"those":[139],"hepatic\r\nencephalopathy.":[141],"8-9":[142],"One-third":[143],"infected":[147],"peritoneal":[148,172],"fluid":[149,173,229,354,361,413],"do\r\nnot":[150],"manifest":[151],"overt":[152],"signs":[153,404],"or":[154,159,204,426],"symptoms":[155],"such":[156],"as":[157,369,415],"fever":[158],"abdominal":[160],"pain":[161],"at\r\ninitial":[162],"presentation.7":[163],"Also":[164],"7\u201327%":[165],"cirrhotic":[169,235,306,334],"harbor\r\noccult":[171],"infection":[174,414,429],"at":[175],"time":[177],"hospital":[179],"admission\r\nThe":[180],"incidence":[181],"outpatient":[188,223,273,387],"setting\r\nis":[189],"very":[190,339],"low.":[191,340],"Therapeutic":[192],"paracentesis":[193,337],"recommended":[196],"treatment":[197],"for\r\npatients":[198],"resistant":[203],"other":[207],"medical\r\ntreatment.":[208],"also":[210],"reduces":[211],"discomfort":[213],"associated":[214,419],"tense":[216],"ascites.":[217],"It\r\nis":[218],"usually":[219],"done":[220],"on":[221],"an":[222],"basis.":[224],"need":[226,266,430],"for":[227,250,267,381,408],"ascitic":[228,269,353,360,397,412],"cell":[230,382],"count\r\nand":[231],"cultures":[232],"asymptomatic":[234,305,333],"following":[237],"large-volume\r\nparacentesis":[238],"(LVP)":[239],"remains":[240,275],"unclear.":[241,276],"Although":[242],"many":[243],"these":[245],"are\r\nat":[247],"increased":[248],"risk":[249,289,344],"due":[252],"their":[254],"advanced":[255],"liver":[256],"disease,":[257],"low":[258],"protein\r\nascites,":[259],"prior":[261],"episodes":[262],"SBP,":[264],"routine":[268,359],"fluid\r\nanalysis":[270],"setting":[274,368],"\r\nAIM":[277],":\r\nThe":[278],"aim":[279],"this":[281],"study":[282,317],"was":[283,338],"determine":[285],"factors":[290,345,418],"for\r\n1)":[291],"Spontaneous":[292],"(SBP),\r\n2)":[295],"Monomicrobial":[296],"non-neutrocytic":[297],"bacterascites":[298,326],"(MNB)":[299],"and,\r\n3)":[300],"Culture-negative":[301],"neutrocytic":[302,330],"(CNNA),\r\nin":[304],"outpatients":[307,423],"undergoing":[308],"therapeutic":[309,336],"paracentesis.\r\nCONCLUSION":[310],":\r\nIn":[311],"conclusion,":[312],"results":[314],"our":[316,357],"confirm":[318],"of\r\nspontaneous":[322],"peritonitis,":[324],"monomicrobial":[325],"culture\r\nnegative":[328],"non":[329],"outpatients\r\nundergoing":[335],"There":[341],"were":[342],"no\r\nsignificant":[343],"predicting":[346],"occurrence":[348],"infection\r\nof":[351],"outpatients.\r\nIn":[356],"opinion,":[358],"analysis":[362],"may":[363,371],"be":[364,373,432],"unnecessary":[365],"this\r\nclinical":[367],"it":[370,421],"not":[372,393],"cost":[374],"effective.":[375],"However":[376],"testing":[377],"ascitic\r\nfluid":[379],"only":[380],"count":[383],"differential":[385],"therapeutic\r\nparacenteses":[388],"will":[389],"ensure":[390],"clinician":[392],"miss":[395],"fluid\r\ninfection":[398],"absence":[401],"clinical":[403,425],"symptoms.\r\nThe":[406],"criteria":[407],"diagnosis":[409],"well":[416],"as\r\nrisk":[417],"without":[424],"biological\r\nsigns":[427],"reassessed":[433],"larger":[435],"randomized":[436],"trials.":[437]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}