{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808344930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","title":"The Nature of the Stochastic Wind Forcing of ENSO","display_name":"The Nature of the Stochastic Wind Forcing of ENSO","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808344930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","mag":"2808344930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80591372","display_name":"Journal of Climate","issn_l":"0894-8755","issn":["0894-8755","1520-0442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021490977","display_name":"Antonietta M. Capotondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-5472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-5472"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonietta Capotondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019086164","display_name":"Prashant D. Sardeshmukh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-4373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-4373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant D. Sardeshmukh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085568210","display_name":"Lucrezia Ricciardulli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-708X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-708X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118485","display_name":"Remote Sensing Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01vp8h012","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118485"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucrezia Ricciardulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118485"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89098637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"19","first_page":"8081","last_page":"8099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-nino-southern-oscillation","display_name":"ENSO","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/madden-julian-oscillation","display_name":"Madden-Julian Oscillation","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/westerly-wind-events","display_name":"westerly wind events","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-dependent-noise","display_name":"state-dependent noise","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-nino-and-la-nina","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o/La Ni\u00f1a","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-spectrum","display_name":"wind spectrum","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8613917231559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6968482732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.5531250834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.49867963790893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48205479979515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73421765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1738426","display_name":"Kelvin wave","level":2,"score":0.4380124807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117381296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170041","display_name":"Madden\u2013Julian oscillation","level":3,"score":0.42211470007896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34313881397247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.28331953287124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2768357992172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.08005893230438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80591372","display_name":"Journal of Climate","issn_l":"0894-8755","issn":["0894-8755","1520-0442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:20974","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0842.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Climate, 31(19), 8081-8099.","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4407226683","display_name":"PREDICTABILITY OF EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) EVENTS RELIES ON THE EXISTENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC AND/OR OCEANIC PRECURSORS OR  TRIGGERS  RESPONSIB","funder_award_id":"NNX15AG46G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579109270","https://openalex.org/W1547592241","https://openalex.org/W1571888848","https://openalex.org/W1963682890","https://openalex.org/W1998052766","https://openalex.org/W2016243669","https://openalex.org/W2017455523","https://openalex.org/W2018977279","https://openalex.org/W2021705657","https://openalex.org/W2033609738","https://openalex.org/W2040006260","https://openalex.org/W2041208164","https://openalex.org/W2042506214","https://openalex.org/W2043285039","https://openalex.org/W2047276636","https://openalex.org/W2058979237","https://openalex.org/W2059734998","https://openalex.org/W2067212643","https://openalex.org/W2078030678","https://openalex.org/W2086031127","https://openalex.org/W2087892850","https://openalex.org/W2091604069","https://openalex.org/W2095886727","https://openalex.org/W2114520470","https://openalex.org/W2118193965","https://openalex.org/W2118981523","https://openalex.org/W2120869942","https://openalex.org/W2125680323","https://openalex.org/W2129974301","https://openalex.org/W2131070146","https://openalex.org/W2133348729","https://openalex.org/W2134976210","https://openalex.org/W2139020298","https://openalex.org/W2140028040","https://openalex.org/W2141936784","https://openalex.org/W2148505319","https://openalex.org/W2159843642","https://openalex.org/W2164176982","https://openalex.org/W2167319502","https://openalex.org/W2169871754","https://openalex.org/W2172775258","https://openalex.org/W2173251738","https://openalex.org/W2173616219","https://openalex.org/W2174373292","https://openalex.org/W2175723489","https://openalex.org/W2180311437","https://openalex.org/W2213969950","https://openalex.org/W2253895544","https://openalex.org/W2256962228","https://openalex.org/W2328825019","https://openalex.org/W2344634560","https://openalex.org/W2498938476","https://openalex.org/W2562185685","https://openalex.org/W2744644688","https://openalex.org/W2761944849","https://openalex.org/W2787869479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083263232","https://openalex.org/W4220949216","https://openalex.org/W7095291884","https://openalex.org/W2179351856","https://openalex.org/W2213969950","https://openalex.org/W2118981523","https://openalex.org/W4411452206","https://openalex.org/W2180254140","https://openalex.org/W2148007253","https://openalex.org/W2091604069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"El":[0,195],"Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern":[1],"Oscillation":[2],"(ENSO)":[3],"is":[4,189],"commonly":[5],"viewed":[6,149],"as":[7,151,168],"a":[8,103,135,155,202],"low-frequency":[9,40,80,88,182],"tropical":[10],"mode":[11],"of":[12,27,36,78,95,184],"coupled":[13],"atmosphere\u2013ocean":[14],"variability":[15],"energized":[16],"by":[17],"stochastic":[18,30,81],"wind":[19,62,82,97,107,187],"forcing.":[20],"Despite":[21],"many":[22],"studies,":[23],"however,":[24],"the":[25,33,50,55,76,79,87,96,117,181,185],"nature":[26],"this":[28,178],"broadband":[29],"forcing":[31,52,86,98,188,210],"and":[32,39,60,133],"relative":[34],"roles":[35,94],"its":[37],"high-":[38],"components":[41,83],"in":[42,84,177,211],"ENSO":[43,89,139,165,212],"development":[44],"remain":[45],"unclear.":[46],"In":[47],"one":[48],"view,":[49],"high-frequency":[51,118,122,170],"associated":[53],"with":[54,154],"subseasonal":[56],"Madden\u2013Julian":[57],"oscillation":[58],"(MJO)":[59],"westerly":[61],"events":[63,153,171],"(WWEs)":[64],"excites":[65],"oceanic":[66],"Kelvin":[67,123],"waves":[68],"leading":[69],"to":[70,138,191],"ENSO.":[71],"An":[72],"alternative":[73],"view":[74],"emphasizes":[75],"role":[77,203],"directly":[85],"modes.":[90],"These":[91],"apparently":[92],"distinct":[93],"are":[99,126,134],"clarified":[100],"here":[101],"using":[102],"recently":[104],"released":[105],"high-resolution":[106],"dataset":[108],"for":[109,205],"1990\u20132015.":[110],"A":[111],"spectral":[112],"analysis":[113,142],"shows":[114],"that":[115,145,161,172],"although":[116],"winds":[119],"do":[120],"excite":[121,164],"waves,":[124],"they":[125],"much":[127],"weaker":[128],"than":[129,167,197],"their":[130],"interannual":[131],"counterparts":[132],"minor":[136],"contributor":[137],"development.":[140],"The":[141],"also":[143,204],"suggests":[144],"WWEs":[146],"should":[147],"be":[148,174,192],"more":[150],"short-correlation":[152],"flat":[156],"spectrum":[157],"at":[158],"low":[159],"frequencies":[160],"can":[162],"efficiently":[163],"modes":[166],"strictly":[169],"would":[173],"highly":[175],"inefficient":[176],"regard.":[179],"Interestingly,":[180],"power":[183],"rapid":[186],"found":[190],"higher":[193],"during":[194],"Ni\u00f1o":[196],"La":[198],"Ni\u00f1a":[199],"events,":[200],"suggesting":[201],"state-dependent":[206],"(i.e.,":[207],"multiplicative)":[208],"noise":[209],"dynamics.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}