{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808307083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","title":"Laquinimod protects the optic nerve and retina in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model","display_name":"Laquinimod protects the optic nerve and retina in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808307083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","mag":"2808307083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29903027","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6002998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","pdf_url":"https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199572710","display_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation","issn_l":"1742-2094","issn":["1742-2094"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090455589","display_name":"Anna T. Wilmes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799784675","display_name":"University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcpvf19","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna T. Wilmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083538213","display_name":"Sabrina Reinehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-0210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-0210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799784675","display_name":"University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcpvf19","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabrina Reinehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001570075","display_name":"Sandra K\u00fchn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799784675","display_name":"University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcpvf19","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra K\u00fchn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086810253","display_name":"Xiomara Pedreiturria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-3826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-3826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138993","display_name":"St. Josef-Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/046vare28","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I4210153564"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiomara Pedreiturria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070544601","display_name":"Laura Petrikowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138993","display_name":"St. Josef-Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/046vare28","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I4210153564"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Petrikowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083217479","display_name":"Simon Faissner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-762X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-762X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138993","display_name":"St. Josef-Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/046vare28","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I4210153564"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Faissner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087811944","display_name":"Ilya Ayzenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-792X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-792X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138993","display_name":"St. Josef-Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/046vare28","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I4210153564"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya Ayzenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085205228","display_name":"Gesa Stute","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799784675","display_name":"University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcpvf19","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gesa Stute","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062220148","display_name":"Ralf Gold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-3052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-3052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138993","display_name":"St. Josef-Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/046vare28","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I4210153564"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Gold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062491557","display_name":"H. Burkhard Dick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-7395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-7395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799784675","display_name":"University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcpvf19","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Burkhard Dick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008016806","display_name":"Ingo Kleiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-4408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-4408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138993","display_name":"St. Josef-Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/046vare28","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I4210153564"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ingo Kleiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany. ingo.kleiter@rub.de","Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany. ingo.kleiter@rub.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090060904","display_name":"Stephanie Carolin Joachim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-0829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-0829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799784675","display_name":"University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcpvf19","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie C. Joachim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany. stephanie.joachim@rub.de","Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany. stephanie.joachim@rub.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008016806","https://openalex.org/A5090060904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799784675","https://openalex.org/I4210138993","https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":{"value":1899,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2048},"fwci":4.4361,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95537476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"183","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laquinimod","display_name":"laquinimod","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis","display_name":"experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-nerve","display_name":"optic nerve","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"retina","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-ganglion-cells","display_name":"retinal ganglion cells","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroglia","display_name":"macroglia","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-function","display_name":"visual function","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotopic-electroretinogram","display_name":"scotopic electroretinogram","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brn3a","display_name":"Brn3a","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tmem119","display_name":"TMEM119","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iba1","display_name":"Iba1","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein","display_name":"glial fibrillary acidic protein","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspase-3","display_name":"caspase-3","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-neurodegeneration","display_name":"retinal neurodegeneration","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-degeneration","display_name":"retinal degeneration","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778486448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494066","display_name":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.9031631946563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186029","display_name":"Optic nerve","level":2,"score":0.7372522354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.7254490256309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6650664806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.613106906414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6054498553276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5443018674850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6947292","display_name":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein","level":4,"score":0.463295578956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777624874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927337","display_name":"Retinal ganglion cell","level":3,"score":0.4620271325111389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4389982223510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776572573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972514","display_name":"Optic neuritis","level":3,"score":0.4226910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.390083909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3280642628669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.32045239210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.25820615887641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15472114086151123}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000943","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002135","descriptor_name":"Calcium-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002135","descriptor_name":"Calcium-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004676","descriptor_name":"Myelin Basic Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004676","descriptor_name":"Myelin Basic Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004681","descriptor_name":"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004681","descriptor_name":"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008840","descriptor_name":"Microfilament Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008840","descriptor_name":"Microfilament Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009419","descriptor_name":"Nerve Tissue Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009419","descriptor_name":"Nerve Tissue Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009900","descriptor_name":"Optic Nerve","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009900","descriptor_name":"Optic Nerve","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009900","descriptor_name":"Optic Nerve","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010446","descriptor_name":"Peptide Fragments","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010586","descriptor_name":"Phagocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015363","descriptor_name":"Quinolones","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063308","descriptor_name":"Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","pdf_url":"https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199572710","display_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation","issn_l":"1742-2094","issn":["1742-2094"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4984427","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6002998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29903027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29903027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neuroinflammation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6002998","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6002998/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Neuroinflammation","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hss-opus.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de:6312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hss-opus.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6312","pdf_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-63128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400167","display_name":"Dokumentenrepositorium der RUB (Ruhr University Bochum)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","host_organization_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64491b604511419db58735eb8853aa3a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64491b604511419db58735eb8853aa3a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","pdf_url":"https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12974-018-1208-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199572710","display_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation","issn_l":"1742-2094","issn":["1742-2094"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroinflammation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808307083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808307083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101570145","https://openalex.org/W134576514","https://openalex.org/W1176340840","https://openalex.org/W1603495686","https://openalex.org/W1834417670","https://openalex.org/W1853959720","https://openalex.org/W1944096616","https://openalex.org/W1965942744","https://openalex.org/W1976987174","https://openalex.org/W1980992225","https://openalex.org/W1983644479","https://openalex.org/W1989527322","https://openalex.org/W1995880468","https://openalex.org/W1998987960","https://openalex.org/W2001642942","https://openalex.org/W2002433576","https://openalex.org/W2004492484","https://openalex.org/W2011324376","https://openalex.org/W2013932229","https://openalex.org/W2014165423","https://openalex.org/W2014463750","https://openalex.org/W2016575029","https://openalex.org/W2019339732","https://openalex.org/W2020885687","https://openalex.org/W2021362957","https://openalex.org/W2025707873","https://openalex.org/W2027145449","https://openalex.org/W2029856432","https://openalex.org/W2031345309","https://openalex.org/W2032809315","https://openalex.org/W2037580394","https://openalex.org/W2046402606","https://openalex.org/W2047732238","https://openalex.org/W2047843073","https://openalex.org/W2049855518","https://openalex.org/W2054750085","https://openalex.org/W2057911576","https://openalex.org/W2064262911","https://openalex.org/W2071427428","https://openalex.org/W2073607297","https://openalex.org/W2082820637","https://openalex.org/W2086080135","https://openalex.org/W2086620596","https://openalex.org/W2094660330","https://openalex.org/W2098114974","https://openalex.org/W2098556555","https://openalex.org/W2099108485","https://openalex.org/W2099249565","https://openalex.org/W2101539564","https://openalex.org/W2107604806","https://openalex.org/W2108088418","https://openalex.org/W2108335498","https://openalex.org/W2122237804","https://openalex.org/W2122397885","https://openalex.org/W2123562862","https://openalex.org/W2126135538","https://openalex.org/W2130974415","https://openalex.org/W2134112810","https://openalex.org/W2136681293","https://openalex.org/W2145888562","https://openalex.org/W2147062889","https://openalex.org/W2155325003","https://openalex.org/W2156428085","https://openalex.org/W2164822027","https://openalex.org/W2169073835","https://openalex.org/W2229419452","https://openalex.org/W2280077905","https://openalex.org/W2323333461","https://openalex.org/W2415086087","https://openalex.org/W2465147644","https://openalex.org/W2516674876","https://openalex.org/W2524845362","https://openalex.org/W2557324930","https://openalex.org/W2560140067","https://openalex.org/W2620266814","https://openalex.org/W2766696180","https://openalex.org/W4211254511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6959064162","https://openalex.org/W2156428085","https://openalex.org/W1989527322","https://openalex.org/W1998987960","https://openalex.org/W864789290","https://openalex.org/W6927357244","https://openalex.org/W7206505974","https://openalex.org/W2136681293","https://openalex.org/W3160634695","https://openalex.org/W2001642942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,50],"oral":[2],"immunomodulatory":[3],"agent":[4,337],"laquinimod":[5,30,62,90,164,240,252,304],"is":[6,43,48,331],"currently":[7],"evaluated":[8],"for":[9,118],"multiple":[10],"sclerosis":[11],"(MS)":[12],"treatment.":[13],"Phase":[14],"II":[15],"and":[16,67,101,114,137,139,185,207,221,245,264,276,300,309],"III":[17],"studies":[18],"demonstrated":[19],"a":[20,102,154,254,259],"reduction":[21,260],"of":[22,52,61,133,153,170,177,191,261,278,287,303,343],"degenerative":[23],"processes.":[24],"In":[25],"addition":[26],"to":[27,56,197,258,265],"anti-inflammatory":[28,301],"effects,":[29],"might":[31,338],"have":[32],"neuroprotective":[33,299],"properties,":[34],"but":[35],"its":[36],"impact":[37],"on":[38,63,305],"the":[39,64,98,134,151,171,187,192,210,232,279,285,306,325,328,336],"visual":[40,329],"system,":[41],"which":[42],"often":[44],"affected":[45,333],"by":[46,334],"MS,":[47,335],"unknown.":[49],"aim":[51],"our":[53,295],"study":[54],"was":[55,226],"investigate":[57],"potential":[58],"protective":[59],"effects":[60,302],"optic":[65,135,211,219,233,280,307],"nerve":[66,136,212,220,234,308],"retina":[68,310],"in":[69,209,218,231,253,273,311],"an":[70,82,266,340],"experimental":[71],"autoimmune":[72],"encephalomyelitis":[73],"(EAE)":[74],"model.":[75],"METHODS:":[76],"immunization.":[77],"Animals":[78],"were":[79,111,116,159,213,216,236,282,316,322],"divided":[80],"into":[81],"untreated":[83,198],"EAE":[84,87,157,183,199,312],"group,":[85],"three":[86],"groups":[88],"receiving":[89],"(1,":[91],"5,":[92],"or":[93],"25":[94,162],"mg/kg":[95,163],"daily),":[96],"starting":[97],"day":[99,166],"post-immunization,":[100,108],"non-immunized":[103],"control":[104],"group.":[105],"Thirty":[106],"days":[107],"scotopic":[109],"electroretinograms":[110],"carried":[112],"out,":[113],"mice":[115],"sacrificed":[117],"histopathology":[119],"(HE,":[120],"LFB),":[121],"immunohistochemistry":[122],"(MBP,":[123],"Iba1,":[124,144],"Tmem119,":[125,145],"F4/80,":[126],"GFAP,":[127],"vimentin,":[128],"Brn-3a,":[129],"cleaved":[130],"caspase":[131],"3)":[132],"retina,":[138],"retinal":[140,242,288],"qRT-PCR":[141],"analyses":[142],"(Brn-3a,":[143],"AMWAP,":[146],"CD68,":[147],"GFAP).":[148],"To":[149],"evaluate":[150],"effect":[152],"therapeutic":[155,255],"approach,":[156],"animals":[158,172,315],"treated":[160,317],"with":[161,251],"from":[165],"16":[167],"when":[168,314],"60%":[169],"had":[173],"developed":[174],"clinical":[175,262,320],"signs":[176,263,321],"EAE.":[178],"RESULTS:":[179],"Laquinimod":[180],"reduced":[181,227,246],"neurological":[182],"symptoms":[184],"improved":[186,267],"neuronal":[188],"electrical":[189],"output":[190],"inner":[193],"nuclear":[194],"layer":[195],"compared":[196],"mice.":[200],"Furthermore,":[201],"cellular":[202,274],"infiltration,":[203],"especially":[204],"recruited":[205],"phagocytes,":[206],"demyelination":[208,277],"reduced.":[214],"Microglia":[215],"diminished":[217],"retina.":[222],"Retinal":[223],"macroglial":[224],"signal":[225],"under":[228],"treatment,":[229],"whereas":[230],"macroglia":[235],"not":[237],"affected.":[238],"Additionally,":[239],"preserved":[241],"ganglion":[243,289],"cells":[244,290],"apoptosis.":[247],"A":[248],"later":[249],"treatment":[250],"approach":[256],"led":[257],"b-wave":[268],"amplitude.":[269],"However,":[270],"no":[271],"changes":[272],"infiltration":[275],"nerves":[281],"observed.":[283],"Also,":[284],"number":[286],"remained":[291],"unaltered.":[292],"CONCLUSION:":[293],"From":[294],"study,":[296],"we":[297],"deduce":[298],"mice,":[313],"before":[318],"any":[319],"noted.":[323],"Given":[324],"fact":[326],"that":[327],"system":[330],"frequently":[332],"be":[339],"interesting":[341],"subject":[342],"further":[344],"neuro-ophthalmic":[345],"investigations.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}