{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808091470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","title":"The Reciprocal Relationships Between Escalation, Anger, and Confidence in Investment Decisions Over Time","display_name":"The Reciprocal Relationships Between Escalation, Anger, and Confidence in Investment Decisions Over Time","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808091470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","mag":"2808091470","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30026715","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6041483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988590","display_name":"Alexander T. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-4259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-4259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169615421","display_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n1hzn07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander T. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058676375","display_name":"Satoris S. Howes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-6831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-6831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoris S. Howes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Oregon State University, Bend, OR, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Oregon State University, Bend, OR, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024129621","display_name":"Edgar E. Kausel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-0954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-0954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162148367","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/04teye511","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar E. Kausel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162148367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074242318","display_name":"Michael E. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-9548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-9548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030890403","display_name":"Megan E. Loftis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169615421","display_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n1hzn07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan E. Loftis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102988590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.2088,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54870716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1136","last_page":"1136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14465","display_name":"Leadership, Behavior, and Decision-Making Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escalation-of-commitment","display_name":"escalation of commitment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"anger","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence","display_name":"confidence","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-decisions","display_name":"investment decision-making","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decision-making","display_name":"sequential decision making","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-association","display_name":"bidirectional relationship","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunk-costs","display_name":"sunk costs","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8239964842796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.8190387487411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.6812604069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158981924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799353","display_name":"Escalation of commitment","level":2,"score":0.6537022590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6450504660606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6098005771636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5128393769264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5083007216453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.33751651644706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.104612797498703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07253032922744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5005749","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6041483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6041483","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6041483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30026715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30026715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1c86f0060514aa9b3d2ee751ae476cb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1c86f0060514aa9b3d2ee751ae476cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 9 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01136/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808091470.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808091470.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140218113","https://openalex.org/W1973638302","https://openalex.org/W1979309056","https://openalex.org/W1982777740","https://openalex.org/W1987296183","https://openalex.org/W1988244906","https://openalex.org/W1989693450","https://openalex.org/W1995240349","https://openalex.org/W1995699018","https://openalex.org/W2003933325","https://openalex.org/W2005207520","https://openalex.org/W2006397401","https://openalex.org/W2017025087","https://openalex.org/W2031655843","https://openalex.org/W2034814630","https://openalex.org/W2042888638","https://openalex.org/W2056795330","https://openalex.org/W2058037869","https://openalex.org/W2063516767","https://openalex.org/W2063854319","https://openalex.org/W2086275786","https://openalex.org/W2101501801","https://openalex.org/W2102478330","https://openalex.org/W2110397650","https://openalex.org/W2123083209","https://openalex.org/W2123716662","https://openalex.org/W2125980682","https://openalex.org/W2130173750","https://openalex.org/W2138625169","https://openalex.org/W2146339376","https://openalex.org/W2148237550","https://openalex.org/W2154139258","https://openalex.org/W2169517738","https://openalex.org/W2252788631","https://openalex.org/W2536786846","https://openalex.org/W2555292008","https://openalex.org/W2600430703","https://openalex.org/W3122130492","https://openalex.org/W3123128701","https://openalex.org/W4236133415","https://openalex.org/W4247232071","https://openalex.org/W4248012939","https://openalex.org/W4300107936","https://openalex.org/W4399638940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995240349","https://openalex.org/W1586958587","https://openalex.org/W4313904547","https://openalex.org/W1560205676","https://openalex.org/W2536786846","https://openalex.org/W2234832717","https://openalex.org/W2124279588","https://openalex.org/W2584422050","https://openalex.org/W2378270276","https://openalex.org/W2011478085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1],"escalation":[2,57,66,143,157,176],"of":[3,12,22,42,56,58,67,82,96,167,175,177],"commitment":[4,37,68],"has":[5],"predominantly":[6],"been":[7],"studied":[8],"in":[9,44,120,128,158],"the":[10,19,30,62,102,121,136,140,159,165,170],"context":[11],"a":[13,39,45,80,86,93],"single":[14],"decision":[15,111,130],"without":[16],"consideration":[17],"for":[18],"psychological":[20,54,173],"consequences":[21,55,174],"escalating.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"sought":[26],"to":[27,32,38,104,117],"examine":[28],"(a)":[29],"extent":[31,103],"which":[33,105],"people":[34],"escalate":[35,98],"their":[36],"failing":[40,87],"course":[41],"action":[43],"sequential":[46],"decision-making":[47],"task,":[48],"(b)":[49],"confidence":[50,70,127,145,155],"and":[51,60,69,71,132,144,154,172],"anger":[52,133],"as":[53,112,124],"commitment,":[59],"(c)":[61],"reciprocal":[63],"relationship":[64,141],"between":[65,142],"anger.":[72],"Participants":[73],"were":[74,114],"110":[75],"undergraduate":[76],"students":[77],"who":[78],"completed":[79],"series":[81],"investment":[83],"decisions":[84],"regarding":[85],"endeavor.":[88],"Results":[89],"revealed":[90,138],"that":[91,139],"although":[92],"high":[94],"proportion":[95],"individuals":[97],"through":[99],"all":[100],"decisions,":[101],"they":[106,113],"escalated":[107],"decreased":[108,131],"with":[109,152],"each":[110],"less":[115],"willing":[116],"invest":[118],"money":[119],"project.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"participants":[125],"escalated,":[126],"one's":[129],"increased.":[134],"Lastly,":[135],"analyses":[137],"is":[146],"reciprocal.":[147],"Escalation":[148],"was":[149],"negatively":[150],"associated":[151],"confidence,":[153],"predicted":[156],"subsequent":[160],"decision.":[161],"These":[162],"results":[163],"highlight":[164],"importance":[166],"considering":[168],"both":[169],"determinants":[171],"commitment.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}
