{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807793790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","title":"Between Party, People, and Profession: The Many Faces of the \u2018Doctor\u2019 during the Cultural Revolution","display_name":"Between Party, People, and Profession: The Many Faces of the \u2018Doctor\u2019 during the Cultural Revolution","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807793790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","mag":"2807793790","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29886861","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6113761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/mdh.2018.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E0852C21E1D5B727674B9C849F5A9DAB/S0025727318000236a.pdf/div-class-title-between-party-people-and-profession-the-many-faces-of-the-doctor-during-the-cultural-revolution-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E0852C21E1D5B727674B9C849F5A9DAB/S0025727318000236a.pdf/div-class-title-between-party-people-and-profession-the-many-faces-of-the-doctor-during-the-cultural-revolution-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058680386","display_name":"Miriam Gross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of History & International and Area Studies, University of Oklahoma, 729 Elm Ave., Farzaneh Hall, Room 304, Norman, OK 73019, USA","University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of History & International and Area Studies, University of Oklahoma, 729 Elm Ave., Farzaneh Hall, Room 304, Norman, OK 73019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058680386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242","https://openalex.org/I8692664"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"fwci":31.0782,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99430885,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"3","first_page":"333","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.3905999958515167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.3905999958515167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.23999999463558197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.15970000624656677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-revolution","display_name":"Cultural Revolution","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barefoot-doctors","display_name":"barefoot doctors","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-health-care","display_name":"rural health care","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-medicine","display_name":"Western medicine","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-healers","display_name":"indigenous healers","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acupuncturists","display_name":"acupuncturists","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbalists","display_name":"herbalists","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-apprenticeship","display_name":"medical apprenticeship","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-medicine","display_name":"political medicine","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992023379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8690","display_name":"Cultural revolution","level":3,"score":0.5030786395072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.49997854232788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4970102608203888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.44438958168029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.174678236246109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13633474707603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11784389615058899}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003466","descriptor_name":"Cultural Characteristics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/mdh.2018.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E0852C21E1D5B727674B9C849F5A9DAB/S0025727318000236a.pdf/div-class-title-between-party-people-and-profession-the-many-faces-of-the-doctor-during-the-cultural-revolution-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5073113","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6113761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6113761","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6113761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Hist","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29886861","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29886861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical history","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/mdh.2018.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.23","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E0852C21E1D5B727674B9C849F5A9DAB/S0025727318000236a.pdf/div-class-title-between-party-people-and-profession-the-many-faces-of-the-doctor-during-the-cultural-revolution-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807793790.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807793790.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51121176","https://openalex.org/W143133242","https://openalex.org/W177053864","https://openalex.org/W336303586","https://openalex.org/W1587841257","https://openalex.org/W1973240772","https://openalex.org/W2004884782","https://openalex.org/W2040692162","https://openalex.org/W2054990837","https://openalex.org/W2089494157","https://openalex.org/W2123697409","https://openalex.org/W2131037198","https://openalex.org/W2289837123","https://openalex.org/W2413438392","https://openalex.org/W2524661653","https://openalex.org/W2565581891","https://openalex.org/W3082530853","https://openalex.org/W3135785889","https://openalex.org/W4299955713","https://openalex.org/W4302502748","https://openalex.org/W4320519333","https://openalex.org/W6831523365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7016648949","https://openalex.org/W1953596073","https://openalex.org/W2980858012","https://openalex.org/W2980809088","https://openalex.org/W4391415688","https://openalex.org/W3209071411","https://openalex.org/W4410618849","https://openalex.org/W2609629981","https://openalex.org/W2725181666","https://openalex.org/W2288407929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,37,65,114,147,159,163,203,218,221,226,233,242],"Chinese":[2,34,71,109,132],"Cultural":[3,164],"Revolution":[4],"(1966-76),":[5],"Chairman":[6],"Mao":[7],"fundamentally":[8,74],"reformed":[9],"medicine":[10],"so":[11],"that":[12,46,62,238],"rural":[13,90,125,152,170],"people":[14,91],"received":[15,124],"medical":[16,20,60,110,171,194,205,230],"care.":[17],"His":[18],"new":[19,53,59,229],"model":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23],"variously":[24],"characterised":[25],"as:":[26],"revolutionary":[27],"Maoist":[28,66,80,222],"medicine,":[29],"a":[30,52,58,104,174,193],"revitalised":[31],"form":[32],"of":[33,48,51,78,150,158,207,220,228,236,244],"medicine;":[35],"and":[36,68,70,92,107,123,134,141,144,169,182,192,199],"final":[38],"conquest":[39],"by":[40,217],"Western":[41,69,106],"medicine.":[42],"This":[43,210],"paper":[44],"finds":[45],"instead":[47],"Mao's":[49],"vision":[50],"'revolutionary":[54,245],"medicine',":[55],"there":[56],"was":[57,84],"synthesis":[61],"drew":[63],"from":[64,76,100],"ideal":[67],"traditions,":[72],"but":[73,225],"differed":[75],"all":[77],"them.":[79],"medicine's":[81],"ultimate":[82],"aim":[83],"doctors":[85,111,122,140,168,178],"as":[86],"peasant":[87],"carers.":[88],"However,":[89,146],"local":[93,183,204],"governments":[94],"valued":[95],"treatment":[96],"expertise,":[97],"causing":[98],"divergence":[99],"this":[101],"ideal.":[102],"As":[103],"result,":[105],"elite":[108,131],"sent":[112],"to":[113,120],"countryside":[115],"for":[116,185,196],"rehabilitation":[117],"were":[118],"preferable":[119],"barefoot":[121,139,177,197],"support.":[126],"Initially":[127],"Western-trained":[128],"physicians":[129],"belittled":[130],"doctors,":[133],"both":[135,200],"looked":[136],"down":[137],"on":[138,202],"indigenous":[142,208],"herbalists":[143],"acupuncturists.":[145],"levelling":[148],"effect":[149],"terrible":[151],"conditions":[153],"made":[154],"these":[155],"diverse":[156,234],"conceptions":[157],"doctor":[160],"closer":[161],"during":[162],"Revolution.":[165],"Thus,":[166],"urban":[167,186,188],"practitioners":[172],"developed":[173],"symbiotic":[175],"relationship:":[176],"provided":[179,190],"political":[180],"protection":[181],"knowledge":[184,206],"doctors;":[187,198],"doctors'":[189],"expertise":[191],"apprenticeship":[195],"counted":[201],"healers.":[209],"fragile":[211],"conceptual":[212],"nexus":[213],"had":[214],"fallen":[215],"apart":[216],"end":[219],"era":[223],"(1976),":[224],"evidence":[227],"syntheses":[231],"shows":[232],"range":[235],"alliances":[237],"become":[239],"possible":[240],"under":[241],"rubric":[243],"medicine'.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}