{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807754171","doi":null,"title":"Heritage Preservation in War: Proactive and Reactive Approaches Applied to the Old City in Sana\u2019a, Yemen","display_name":"Heritage Preservation in War: Proactive and Reactive Approaches Applied to the Old City in Sana\u2019a, Yemen","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807754171","mag":"2807754171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:hp_theses-1659","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/641","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1659&context=hp_theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses (Historic Preservation)","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1659&context=hp_theses","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024521829","display_name":"Xochilt Del Rosal Armenta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xochilt Del Rosal Armenta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024521829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12995","display_name":"Urban Development and Cultural Heritage","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13595","display_name":"Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-heritage-site","display_name":"UNESCO World Heritage","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage-preservation","display_name":"cultural heritage preservation","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1954-hague-convention","display_name":"1954 Hague Convention","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-crimes","display_name":"war crimes","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-bombing","display_name":"strategic bombing","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-conflict","display_name":"armed conflict","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historic-city-centre","display_name":"historic city centre","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritage-management-planning","display_name":"heritage management planning","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yemen-conflict","display_name":"Yemen conflict","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993601171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9259","display_name":"World heritage","level":3,"score":0.4974212944507599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.39720314741134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.3811448812484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34104371070861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.24534502625465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:hp_theses-1659","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/641","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1659&context=hp_theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses (Historic Preservation)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/37195","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/37195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Dissertation/Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2807754171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/641/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:hp_theses-1659","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/641","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1659&context=hp_theses","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses (Historic Preservation)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7350000143051147,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.6207000017166138,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807754171.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807754171.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993840118","https://openalex.org/W2007798034","https://openalex.org/W2029260816","https://openalex.org/W2048898903","https://openalex.org/W2084954094","https://openalex.org/W2364355825","https://openalex.org/W2612349027","https://openalex.org/W2750936409","https://openalex.org/W2752664751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7017665636","https://openalex.org/W6996278731","https://openalex.org/W6941363683","https://openalex.org/W2583736330","https://openalex.org/W2912081804","https://openalex.org/W7015741890","https://openalex.org/W1534648051","https://openalex.org/W2765319943","https://openalex.org/W7168837524","https://openalex.org/W4283656564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79,103,249],"inherent":[1],"nature":[2],"of":[3,8,77,81,122,158,198,227,246],"heritage":[4,33,52,82,164,188,208,228],"as":[5],"a":[6,9,27,36,110,123,162,244],"symbol":[7],"community\u2019s":[10,63],"identity":[11],"\u2013":[12,23,109,115],"whether":[13],"it":[14,26,61,129,216],"be":[15,71,239],"dependent":[16],"on":[17,86,204],"national,":[18],"ethnic,":[19],"or":[20],"religious":[21],"affiliations":[22],"has":[24,116,130],"made":[25,240],"frequent":[28],"target":[29],"during":[30,243],"warfare":[31],"despite":[32],"destruction":[34],"being":[35],"war":[37,84,190],"crime":[38],"according":[39],"to":[40,57,65,73,93,99,136,194,218,220,273],"the":[41,47,62,74,94,120,148,156,195,205,221,225,234],"1954":[42],"Hague":[43],"Convention.":[44],"During":[45],"war,":[46],"institutions":[48],"responsible":[49],"for":[50,146,154,167,186,213,257,264,277],"preserving":[51,187],"spaces":[53],"are":[54,271],"often":[55],"unable":[56],"offer":[58],"support,":[59],"making":[60],"responsibility":[64],"uphold":[66],"preservation":[67,101],"methods":[68],"which":[69],"can":[70,175],"secondary":[72],"pressing":[75],"issues":[76],"safety.":[78],"protection":[80,226],"amid":[83],"depends":[85],"numerous":[87],"variables":[88],"ranging":[89],"from":[90,133],"community":[91],"knowledge":[92],"available":[95],"resources":[96],"and":[97,152,166,171,183,191,231,262],"capacity":[98],"enforce":[100],"strategies.":[102],"Old":[104,196],"City":[105,197],"in":[106,189,211,229,241,252],"Sana\u2019a,":[107,199],"Yemen":[108],"UNESCO":[111],"World":[112,259],"Heritage":[113,260],"Site":[114],"recently":[117],"been":[118],"at":[119],"center":[121],"foreign-backed":[124],"civil":[125],"war.":[126,214],"Since":[127],"2015,":[128],"suffered":[131],"damage":[132],"strategic":[134],"bombing":[135],"its":[137],"historic":[138,268],"core.":[139],"It":[140],"is":[141],"therefore":[142],"an":[143],"appropriate":[144],"site":[145],"studying":[147],"relationship":[149],"between":[150],"architecture":[151],"war;":[153],"highlighting":[155],"toll":[157],"armed":[159],"conflict":[160],"upon":[161],"world":[163],"city;":[165],"proposing":[168],"both":[169],"proactive":[170],"reactive":[172],"approaches":[173],"that":[174,207,236,270],"help":[176],"mitigate":[177],"further":[178],"damage.":[179],"By":[180],"researching":[181],"proposed":[182],"existing":[184],"strategies":[185],"applying":[192],"them":[193],"this":[200],"thesis":[201],"sheds":[202],"light":[203],"obstacles":[206],"sites":[209],"face":[210],"planning":[212],"Ultimately,":[215],"seeks":[217],"contribute":[219],"continuing":[222],"conversation":[223],"around":[224],"Sana\u2019a":[230,242,253],"worldwide,":[232],"with":[233,267],"hope":[235],"improvements":[237],"will":[238,254],"time":[245],"eventual":[247],"peace.":[248],"lessons":[250],"learned":[251],"have":[255],"relevance":[256],"other":[258],"Sites,":[261],"specifically":[263],"developing":[265],"cities":[266],"cores":[269],"beginning":[272],"create":[274],"management":[275],"plans":[276],"their":[278],"future.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}