{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807722492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803748","title":"Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non\u2010Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency","display_name":"Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non\u2010Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807722492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803748","mag":"2807722492","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29893448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.201803748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036724385","display_name":"Yao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-6106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-6106","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1428-4525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China","Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","These authors contributed equally to this work"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally to this work","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061479767","display_name":"Sheri Madhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-5644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-5644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhu Sheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","These authors contributed equally to this work"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally to this work","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058287469","display_name":"Marcus D. Cole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-4235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-4235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus D. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030195131","display_name":"Todd S. Emrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Emrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029685348","display_name":"Thomas P. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-7851"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China","Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029685348","https://openalex.org/A5030195131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500","https://openalex.org/I75390827"],"apc_list":{"value":5510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5510},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90460975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"31","first_page":"9675","last_page":"9678"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10956","display_name":"Fullerene Chemistry and Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c60","display_name":"C60","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perylene-diimide","display_name":"perylene diimide","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cathode-interlayer","display_name":"cathode interlayer","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cells","display_name":"organic solar cells","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleophilic-ring-opening","display_name":"nucleophilic ring opening","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface-dipole","display_name":"interface dipole","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-mobility","display_name":"electron mobility","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-injection","display_name":"electron injection","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-extraction","display_name":"electron extraction","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.871999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91614233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Organic solar cell","level":3,"score":0.8185201287269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162862793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178026","display_name":"Fullerene","level":2,"score":0.806336522102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779189646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417674","display_name":"Perylene","level":3,"score":0.7309194207191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6872566342353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781379571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423323","display_name":"Diimide","level":4,"score":0.6850009560585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94003879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933714","display_name":"Organic semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5999017953872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.573483407497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4968767464160919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66187686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","level":3,"score":0.4872378408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4309028089046478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.41200584173202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4115036725997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3338766396045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2632659673690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2348051369190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1740015745162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.16622382402420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08441650867462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06816089153289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.201803748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29893448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29893448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3011221486","display_name":"Chemically-functionalized nanoscale materials: tailored polymer platforms for nanomaterials surfaces and interfaces","funder_award_id":"1506839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901250443","https://openalex.org/W1967566967","https://openalex.org/W1981934547","https://openalex.org/W2019934541","https://openalex.org/W2035726580","https://openalex.org/W2039005502","https://openalex.org/W2046143366","https://openalex.org/W2057690575","https://openalex.org/W2070278096","https://openalex.org/W2078916077","https://openalex.org/W2082019533","https://openalex.org/W2112580641","https://openalex.org/W2142234855","https://openalex.org/W2163198030","https://openalex.org/W2164276829","https://openalex.org/W2173776424","https://openalex.org/W2223208841","https://openalex.org/W2270253191","https://openalex.org/W2283558477","https://openalex.org/W2300256369","https://openalex.org/W2317176089","https://openalex.org/W2317821468","https://openalex.org/W2416098265","https://openalex.org/W2543295350","https://openalex.org/W2553813151","https://openalex.org/W2570753647","https://openalex.org/W2604453937","https://openalex.org/W2609309827","https://openalex.org/W2615203216","https://openalex.org/W2758770851","https://openalex.org/W4245041174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289637370","https://openalex.org/W1898883349","https://openalex.org/W4245041174","https://openalex.org/W2797269056","https://openalex.org/W1841210181","https://openalex.org/W2126273119","https://openalex.org/W2604353332","https://openalex.org/W4281685596","https://openalex.org/W2548139002","https://openalex.org/W6981237633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Polymer":[1],"zwitterions":[2],"were":[3],"synthesized":[4],"by":[5],"nucleophilic":[6],"ring\u2010opening":[7],"of":[8,22,34,46,58,98,131],"3,3\u2032\u2010(but\u20102\u2010ene\u20101,4\u2010diyl)bis(1,2\u2010oxathiolane":[9],"2,2\u2010dioxide)":[10],"(a":[11],"bis\u2010sultone)":[12],"with":[13,93],"functional":[14],"perylene":[15],"diimide":[16],"(PDI)":[17],"or":[18],"fullerene":[19],"monomers.":[20],"Integration":[21],"these":[23,59],"polymers":[24],"into":[25],"solar":[26,91],"cell":[27],"devices":[28],"as":[29],"cathode":[30],"interlayers":[31],"boosted":[32],"efficiencies":[33],"fullerene\u2010based":[35],"organic":[36,117,132],"photovoltaics":[37],"(OPVs)":[38],"from":[39,49],"2.75":[40],"%":[41,51],"to":[42,52,104,122],"10.74":[43],"%,":[44,54],"and":[45,80,100,108,116],"non\u2010fullerene\u2010based":[47],"OPVs":[48],"4.25":[50],"10.10":[53],"demonstrating":[55],"the":[56,127],"versatility":[57],"interlayer":[60],"materials":[61,129],"in":[62],"OPVs.":[63],"The":[64,96],"fullerene\u2010containing":[65],"polymer":[66],"zwitterion":[67],"(":[68,87],"C":[69,101],"60":[70,102],"\u2010PZ":[71,103],")":[72],"showed":[73],"a":[74],"higher":[75],"interfacial":[76],"dipole":[77],"(\u0394)":[78],"value":[79],"electron":[81,106],"mobility":[82],"than":[83],"its":[84],"PDI":[85],"counterpart":[86],"PDI\u2010PZ":[88,99],"),":[89],"affording":[90],"cells":[92],"high":[94],"efficiency.":[95],"power":[97],"improve":[105],"injection":[107],"extraction":[109],"processes":[110],"when":[111],"positioned":[112],"between":[113],"metal":[114],"electrodes":[115],"semiconductors":[118],"highlights":[119],"their":[120],"promise":[121],"overcome":[123],"energy":[124],"barriers":[125],"at":[126],"hard\u2010soft":[128],"interface":[130],"electronics.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}