{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807629665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","title":"Control strategies in AC microgrid: A brief review","display_name":"Control strategies in AC microgrid: A brief review","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807629665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","mag":"2807629665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420049","display_name":"International Renewable Energy Congress","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 9th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060824292","display_name":"Asma Alfergani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-7822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-7822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31439502","display_name":"University of Benghazi","ror":"https://ror.org/03fh7t044","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Alfergani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035462107","display_name":"Khalid Ateea Alfaitori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264338","display_name":"College of Electrical and Electronics Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01mg2ny21","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264338"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Ateea Alfaitori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics & Communication Technology Department, College of Electrical & Electronic Technology, Benghazi, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics & Communication Technology Department, College of Electrical & Electronic Technology, Benghazi, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405264338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014777200","display_name":"Ashraf Fathi Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-9781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-9781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31439502","display_name":"University of Benghazi","ror":"https://ror.org/03fh7t044","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023588968","display_name":"Nagi A. Buaossa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264338","display_name":"College of Electrical and Electronics Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01mg2ny21","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264338"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagi Buaossa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical System Technology Department, College of Electrical & Electronic Technology, Benghazi, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical System Technology Department, College of Electrical & Electronic Technology, Benghazi, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405264338"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99085366,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-microgrids","display_name":"AC microgrids","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-control","display_name":"hierarchical control","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid-control-strategies","display_name":"microgrid control strategies","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter-based-distributed-generation","display_name":"inverter-based distributed generation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-sharing-control","display_name":"power sharing control","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-and-frequency-restoration","display_name":"voltage and frequency restoration","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-and-reactive-power-control","display_name":"active and reactive power control","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"supervisory control","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9101956486701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6491234302520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.641125500202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.5968503952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5649157762527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4782513678073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.4609750807285309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.45239678025245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.44209471344947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4357687830924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.42369064688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.40518277883529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3755912780761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3273252844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24198445677757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2133733332157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06596893072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0572909414768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irec.2018.8362575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420049","display_name":"International Renewable Energy Congress","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 9th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502540576","https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1554827504","https://openalex.org/W1950089185","https://openalex.org/W1974729410","https://openalex.org/W1980178751","https://openalex.org/W1980187301","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W2001965107","https://openalex.org/W2003524975","https://openalex.org/W2003541075","https://openalex.org/W2009993860","https://openalex.org/W2014366918","https://openalex.org/W2024243686","https://openalex.org/W2044124002","https://openalex.org/W2071277918","https://openalex.org/W2089217591","https://openalex.org/W2103325062","https://openalex.org/W2108147634","https://openalex.org/W2111012307","https://openalex.org/W2126363595","https://openalex.org/W2141557852","https://openalex.org/W2153339991","https://openalex.org/W2154087834","https://openalex.org/W2154567911","https://openalex.org/W2154944026","https://openalex.org/W2155638758","https://openalex.org/W2162535598","https://openalex.org/W2197530279","https://openalex.org/W2317145150","https://openalex.org/W2318741148","https://openalex.org/W2398984765","https://openalex.org/W2502098043","https://openalex.org/W2539966904","https://openalex.org/W2558244085","https://openalex.org/W2612395463","https://openalex.org/W2735967524","https://openalex.org/W2751155104","https://openalex.org/W2908651192","https://openalex.org/W4240886458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387907408","https://openalex.org/W2735967524","https://openalex.org/W3094010892","https://openalex.org/W2778736986","https://openalex.org/W4392306062","https://openalex.org/W1554827504","https://openalex.org/W3186592276","https://openalex.org/W1171686921","https://openalex.org/W2568898540","https://openalex.org/W3003773185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"energy":[1,16,35,109],"demand":[2],"led":[3],"to":[4,8,133],"shifting":[5],"the":[6,9,12,42,48,61,96,101,119,124,149],"focus":[7],"use":[10],"of":[11,33,41,107,123],"renewable":[13,34,108],"and":[14,90,99,104,121,128,135,145,152,158],"sustainable":[15],"sources.":[17],"Microgrids":[18,66],"(MGs),":[19],"mainly":[20],"inverter":[21],"based,":[22],"is":[23,39],"gaining":[24],"more":[25],"importance":[26],"as":[27],"they":[28],"can":[29,82,163],"accommodate":[30],"various":[31],"types":[32],"effectively.":[36],"Their":[37],"control":[38,53,62,77,92,115,140,161,176,180,185],"one":[40],"most":[43],"challenging":[44],"research":[45],"areas.":[46],"In":[47,58],"last":[49],"few":[50],"years,":[51],"many":[52],"strategies":[54,63,78],"have":[55],"been":[56],"developed.":[57],"this":[59,160],"paper,":[60],"for":[64],"AC":[65,80],"based":[67],"on":[68,167],"hierarchical":[69],"structures":[70],"are":[71],"introduced":[72],"in":[73,79],"different":[74],"aspects.":[75],"The":[76],"microgrid":[81],"be":[83,164],"classified":[84,165],"into":[85,170],"three":[86],"layers:":[87],"firstly":[88],"inner":[89,134],"outer":[91,136],"layer":[93,116,141,162],"that":[94,117,142],"controls":[95,148],"output":[97,102,150],"current":[98],"manages":[100],"active":[103,151],"reactive":[105,153],"power":[106,113,154],"sources":[110],"(RESs),":[111],"secondly,":[112],"sharing":[114],"adjusts":[118],"amplitude":[120],"frequency":[122,146],"voltage":[125,144],"reference":[126,131],"values":[127,132],"provides":[129],"these":[130],"loops,":[137],"finally":[138],"supervisory":[139,175,184],"restores":[143],"with":[147],"between":[155],"utility":[156],"grid":[157],"MG,":[159],"depending":[166],"operating":[168],"mode":[169],"two":[171],"levels:":[172],"1.":[173],"MG":[174],"level":[177,186],"or":[178,187],"secondary":[179],"level,":[181],"2.":[182],"Grid":[183],"tertiary":[188],"level.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}