{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807582282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","title":"Modelling and optimisation of a multistage Reverse Osmosis processes with permeate reprocessing and recycling for the removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine from wastewater using Species Conserving Genetic Algorithms","display_name":"Modelling and optimisation of a multistage Reverse Osmosis processes with permeate reprocessing and recycling for the removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine from wastewater using Species Conserving Genetic Algorithms","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807582282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","mag":"2807582282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149937609","display_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1385-8947","issn":["1385-8947","1873-3212"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16304","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059695764","display_name":"Mudhar Abdul Alwahab Al-Obaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-4860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-4860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["GB","IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Al-Obaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032942044","display_name":"J-P. Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J-P. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028499352","display_name":"Salih M. Alsadaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-0589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-0589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Alsadaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070873380","display_name":"Chakib Kara\u2010Zaitri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-7692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-7692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Kara-Za\u00eftri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023722354","display_name":"Iqbal Mohammed Mujtaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-9429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-9429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I.M. Mujtaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-0589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023722354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"],"apc_list":{"value":4830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4830},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6595,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81377884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"350","issue":null,"first_page":"824","last_page":"834"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-osmosis","display_name":"reverse osmosis","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-nitrosodimethylamine","display_name":"N-nitrosodimethylamine","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permeate-recycling","display_name":"permeate recycling","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solution-diffusion-model","display_name":"solution-diffusion model","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-recovery","display_name":"water recovery","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-wastewater","display_name":"industrial wastewater","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130797344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272175","display_name":"Reverse osmosis","level":3,"score":0.8410680294036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147455438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057706","display_name":"Effluent","level":2,"score":0.6950070261955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.6706992387771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44403221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6592216","display_name":"Industrial wastewater treatment","level":3,"score":0.443392813205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.43935054540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4365415871143341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50670333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907651","display_name":"Permeation","level":3,"score":0.4302506744861603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3951829671859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.39200788736343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3470926284790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.253711998462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.22963285446166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149937609","display_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1385-8947","issn":["1385-8947","1873-3212"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:10454/16304","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401846","display_name":"Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","host_organization_name":"University of Bradford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:10454/16304.2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/16304.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401846","display_name":"Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","host_organization_name":"University of Bradford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:10454/16304","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401846","display_name":"Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","host_organization_name":"University of Bradford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"score":0.807699978351593,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142815808","https://openalex.org/W1492417045","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1965766173","https://openalex.org/W1967547559","https://openalex.org/W1985642371","https://openalex.org/W1987776430","https://openalex.org/W1988383064","https://openalex.org/W1989810126","https://openalex.org/W2011273283","https://openalex.org/W2011504753","https://openalex.org/W2012472999","https://openalex.org/W2013888518","https://openalex.org/W2019145673","https://openalex.org/W2021179692","https://openalex.org/W2033425441","https://openalex.org/W2040209630","https://openalex.org/W2046053358","https://openalex.org/W2047632869","https://openalex.org/W2063409255","https://openalex.org/W2063766204","https://openalex.org/W2076585300","https://openalex.org/W2080608173","https://openalex.org/W2089640851","https://openalex.org/W2090431707","https://openalex.org/W2095185890","https://openalex.org/W2096590200","https://openalex.org/W2099612250","https://openalex.org/W2112447232","https://openalex.org/W2121455167","https://openalex.org/W2126926002","https://openalex.org/W2131216118","https://openalex.org/W2134192699","https://openalex.org/W2331873694","https://openalex.org/W2559164673","https://openalex.org/W2573958722","https://openalex.org/W2767848193","https://openalex.org/W2771408812","https://openalex.org/W2778651632","https://openalex.org/W2783426051","https://openalex.org/W4231461647","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4405130468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805354468","https://openalex.org/W3010592410","https://openalex.org/W2778651632","https://openalex.org/W4400062434","https://openalex.org/W2900062449","https://openalex.org/W2035736736","https://openalex.org/W2071420571","https://openalex.org/W2792271945","https://openalex.org/W2791000526","https://openalex.org/W142815808"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}