{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807575408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","title":"Burden of chronic kidney disease on the African continent: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Burden of chronic kidney disease on the African continent: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807575408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","mag":"2807575408","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29859046","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5984759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172421378","display_name":"BMC Nephrology","issn_l":"1471-2369","issn":["1471-2369"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022459015","display_name":"Arnaud D. Kaz\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-8296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-8296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132871","display_name":"University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03k0fhh26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14285509","https://openalex.org/I4210132871"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud D. Kaze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA","Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077626380","display_name":"Titilayo O. Ilori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-0618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-0618","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1950-5055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Titilayo Ilori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076091003","display_name":"Bernard G. Jaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1210-7115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1210-7115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110415","display_name":"Nephrology Center of Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01v67yq30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110415"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard G. Jaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","Nephrology Center of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA","Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nephrology Center of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110415"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029175176","display_name":"Justin Basile Echouffo-Tcheugui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8460-1617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8460-1617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. jechouffotcheugui@bwh.harvard.edu","Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. jechouffotcheugui@bwh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029175176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":3.2061,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95313808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"125","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cockcroft-gault-equation","display_name":"Cockcroft-Gault formula","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdrd-equation","display_name":"MDRD equation","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ckd-epi-equation","display_name":"CKD-EPI equation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease-staging","display_name":"CKD staging","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-africa","display_name":"North Africa","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8573935031890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.8098917007446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7423861622810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.5916087031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5491082072257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.539859414100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49868059158325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.48477524518966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.46088099479675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.4119443893432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.25894972681999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.15207159519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005919","descriptor_name":"Glomerular Filtration Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017281","descriptor_name":"Cost of Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172421378","display_name":"BMC Nephrology","issn_l":"1471-2369","issn":["1471-2369"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4945615","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC5984759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5984759","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5984759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nephrol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29859046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29859046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC nephrology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/37298346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37298346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8434e059bcf94fbc855355f827386ed5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8434e059bcf94fbc855355f827386ed5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nephrology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172421378","display_name":"BMC Nephrology","issn_l":"1471-2369","issn":["1471-2369"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807575408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807575408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570583414","https://openalex.org/W1585424492","https://openalex.org/W1708228311","https://openalex.org/W1966105253","https://openalex.org/W1974812668","https://openalex.org/W1983680508","https://openalex.org/W1998310232","https://openalex.org/W2003317275","https://openalex.org/W2007088839","https://openalex.org/W2023696959","https://openalex.org/W2045516356","https://openalex.org/W2063277639","https://openalex.org/W2066523471","https://openalex.org/W2078182061","https://openalex.org/W2090612887","https://openalex.org/W2093335171","https://openalex.org/W2096710245","https://openalex.org/W2112867103","https://openalex.org/W2113760558","https://openalex.org/W2114720788","https://openalex.org/W2117714489","https://openalex.org/W2118196824","https://openalex.org/W2125575764","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2127326270","https://openalex.org/W2148983669","https://openalex.org/W2151509478","https://openalex.org/W2154161789","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2157603500","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2164249826","https://openalex.org/W2237054140","https://openalex.org/W2260713968","https://openalex.org/W2309290163","https://openalex.org/W2315123323","https://openalex.org/W2319846471","https://openalex.org/W2336932628","https://openalex.org/W2470481127","https://openalex.org/W2487377689","https://openalex.org/W2528385426","https://openalex.org/W2594597127","https://openalex.org/W2921112006","https://openalex.org/W2991792334","https://openalex.org/W4294215472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6958579281","https://openalex.org/W2783349386","https://openalex.org/W7156975182","https://openalex.org/W4412755605","https://openalex.org/W2589062017","https://openalex.org/W1998310232","https://openalex.org/W2022993358","https://openalex.org/W7204196301","https://openalex.org/W2104238997","https://openalex.org/W6892162916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"contemporary":[1],"data":[2,73,91],"on":[3,11,54,160,231],"the":[4,12,19,77,83,90,109,132,161,232],"burden":[5],"of":[6,21,79,100,206,226],"Chronic":[7],"Kidney":[8],"Disease":[9],"(CKD)":[10],"African":[13,233],"continent":[14,234],"are":[15],"lacking.":[16],"We":[17,75],"determined":[18],"prevalence":[20,56,114,154],"CKD":[22,55,121,128,153,212,227],"in":[23,27,108,131,145,157,170,209,228,239],"adult":[24],"populations":[25,147],"living":[26,230],"Africa,":[28,217],"and":[29,40,72,88,124,142,169,203,224],"variations":[30],"by":[31],"stage,":[32],"gender,":[33],"estimated":[34],"Glomerular":[35],"Filtration":[36],"Rate":[37],"(eGFR)":[38],"equation,":[39],"residence.":[41],"For":[42],"this":[43],"systematic":[44],"review,":[45],"we":[46],"searched":[47],"multiple":[48],"electronic":[49],"databases":[50],"for":[51,120,127],"original":[52],"studies":[53,102,158,171,198],"reported":[57],"from":[58,172,178],"January":[59],"1,":[60],"2000":[61],"to":[62],"December":[63],"31,":[64],"2016.":[65],"Two":[66],"reviewers":[67],"independently":[68],"undertook":[69],"quality":[70],"assessment":[71],"extraction.":[74],"stabilized":[76],"variance":[78],"study-specific":[80],"estimates":[81],"with":[82,149,176],"Freeman-Turkey":[84],"single":[85],"arcsine":[86],"transformation":[87],"pooled":[89],"using":[92],"a":[93,240],"random":[94],"effects":[95],"meta-analysis":[96],"models.":[97],"A":[98],"total":[99],"98":[101],"involving":[103],"98,432":[104],"individuals":[105],"were":[106,137],"included":[107],"final":[110],"meta-analysis.":[111],"The":[112],"overall":[113],"was":[115,155,194],"15.8%":[116],"(95%":[117],"CI":[118,183,188],"12.1\u201319.9)":[119],"stages":[122,129],"1\u20135":[123],"4.6%":[125],"(3.3\u20136.1)":[126],"3\u20135":[130],"general":[133],"population.":[134],"Equivalent":[135],"figures":[136],"greater":[138],"at":[139],"32.3%":[140],"(23.4\u201341.8)":[141],"13.3%":[143],"(10.7\u201316.0)":[144],"high-risk":[146],"(people":[148],"hypertension,":[150],"diabetes,":[151],"HIV).":[152],"higher":[156],"based":[159],"Cockcroft-Gault":[162],"formula":[163],"than":[164],"MDRD":[165],"or":[166],"CKD-EPI":[167],"equations;":[168],"sub-Saharan":[173],"Africa":[174,180],"compared":[175],"those":[177],"North":[179],"(17.7,":[181],"95%":[182,187],"13.7\u201322.1":[184],"vs":[185],"6.1,":[186],"3.6\u20139.3,":[189],"p":[190],"<":[191],"0.001).":[192],"There":[193],"substantial":[195],"heterogeneity":[196],"across":[197,216],"(all":[199],"I2":[200],">":[201],"90%)":[202],"no":[204],"evidence":[205],"publication":[207],"bias":[208],"main":[210],"analyses.":[211],"is":[213,236],"highly":[214],"prevalent":[215],"inviting":[218],"efforts":[219],"into":[220],"prevention,":[221],"early":[222],"detection":[223],"control":[225],"adults":[229],"which":[235],"particularly":[237],"important":[238],"resource":[241],"limited":[242],"environment.":[243],"Prospero":[244],"Registration":[245],"ID:":[246],"CRD42017054445":[247],".":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}