{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807510329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","title":"Why do people living with HIV not initiate treatment? A systematic review of qualitative evidence from low- and middle-income countries","display_name":"Why do people living with HIV not initiate treatment? A systematic review of qualitative evidence from low- and middle-income countries","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807510329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","mag":"2807510329","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30059900","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6813776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953618302910/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science & Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953618302910/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102260200","display_name":"Shahira Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahira Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067119165","display_name":"Jessica Autrey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Autrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005766860","display_name":"Ingrid Theresa Katz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-238X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-238X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid T. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Boston, MA, United States","Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Boston, MA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074213191","display_name":"Matthew P. Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-0634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-0634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267342","display_name":"Witshealth Consortium (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa)","ror":"https://ror.org/02a496f07","country_code":"ZA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew P. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066253506","display_name":"Sydney B. Rosen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-2964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-2964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267342","display_name":"Witshealth Consortium (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa)","ror":"https://ror.org/02a496f07","country_code":"ZA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sydney Rosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025948549","display_name":"Dorina Onoya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-7342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-7342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267342","display_name":"Witshealth Consortium (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa)","ror":"https://ror.org/02a496f07","country_code":"ZA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorina Onoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003138186","display_name":"Till B\u00e4rnighausen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-4212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-4212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127310","display_name":"Africa Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/034m6ke32","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["DE","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Till B\u00e4rnighausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States","Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4210127310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025150770","display_name":"Kenneth Hugh Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-733X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-733X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-5110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth H. Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; The Fenway Institute, Boston, United States","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","The Fenway Institute, Boston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; The Fenway Institute, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fenway Institute, Boston, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039166958","display_name":"Jacob H. Bor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8536"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127310","display_name":"Africa Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/034m6ke32","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267342","display_name":"Witshealth Consortium (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa)","ror":"https://ror.org/02a496f07","country_code":"ZA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Bor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Electronic address: jbor@bu.edu","Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Electronic address: jbor@bu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039166958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I4405267342"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"fwci":2.1269,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91467158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"213","issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-initiation","display_name":"treatment initiation","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-nonadherence","display_name":"treatment non-adherence","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-uptake","display_name":"treatment uptake","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-stigma","display_name":"HIV stigma","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-norms","display_name":"gender norms","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"confidentiality","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-decision-making","display_name":"health decision-making","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-treatment-as-prevention","display_name":"HIV treatment as prevention","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden-of-treatment","display_name":"economic burden of treatment","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018472363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Low and middle income countries","level":3,"score":0.7432746291160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.6029783487319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5927810072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4860425591468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4615616202354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.41834786534309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3983778953552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3856258988380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.36867737770080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.323408305644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.26903969049453735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2048960030078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1336294710636139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12365490198135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12321817874908447}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036301","descriptor_name":"Qualitative Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953618302910/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science & Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30059900","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30059900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social science & medicine (1982)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6813776","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6813776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Soc Sci Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:socmed:v:213:y:2018:i:c:p:72-84","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953618302910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.048","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953618302910/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science & Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G144515075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"674\u2010A\u201012\u201000029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","funder_display_name":"United States Agency for International Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1636949191","display_name":"Economic, health, and behavioral dimensions of HIV treatment scale-up","funder_award_id":"K01MH105320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224928946","display_name":"Causal Pathways to population health impact of HIV antiretroviral treatment","funder_award_id":"R01HD084233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7301529317","display_name":"New Methods for the design and evaluation of large HIV prevention interventions","funder_award_id":"R01AI112339","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8884503848","display_name":"Can HIV Hot-Spots be eradicated? An intervention to decrease HIV transmission to young women in rural KwaZulu-Natal South Africa","funder_award_id":"R01AI124389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000879841","display_name":"HIS : Training Tanzanian Researchers for HIV/AIDS Implementation Science (Renewal)","funder_award_id":"D43TW009775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807510329.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807510329.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588177925","https://openalex.org/W624933662","https://openalex.org/W905034045","https://openalex.org/W1491849895","https://openalex.org/W1517229207","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1727593237","https://openalex.org/W1767272559","https://openalex.org/W1794403333","https://openalex.org/W1877459655","https://openalex.org/W1893208408","https://openalex.org/W1961880997","https://openalex.org/W1967126310","https://openalex.org/W1977603310","https://openalex.org/W1981159299","https://openalex.org/W1982454443","https://openalex.org/W1991159879","https://openalex.org/W1993789520","https://openalex.org/W1994394210","https://openalex.org/W1995321486","https://openalex.org/W1997753689","https://openalex.org/W1998675627","https://openalex.org/W1998922421","https://openalex.org/W2002469155","https://openalex.org/W2003571801","https://openalex.org/W2005765018","https://openalex.org/W2007598841","https://openalex.org/W2008264338","https://openalex.org/W2011744324","https://openalex.org/W2024701646","https://openalex.org/W2043787485","https://openalex.org/W2046127934","https://openalex.org/W2047825669","https://openalex.org/W2048131218","https://openalex.org/W2048986863","https://openalex.org/W2052123269","https://openalex.org/W2054320847","https://openalex.org/W2064606506","https://openalex.org/W2069366409","https://openalex.org/W2079766092","https://openalex.org/W2091660084","https://openalex.org/W2092279332","https://openalex.org/W2094200572","https://openalex.org/W2101740201","https://openalex.org/W2102330365","https://openalex.org/W2105213363","https://openalex.org/W2109305774","https://openalex.org/W2110579674","https://openalex.org/W2112019242","https://openalex.org/W2112709014","https://openalex.org/W2113828600","https://openalex.org/W2114990707","https://openalex.org/W2115282671","https://openalex.org/W2115313777","https://openalex.org/W2121842900","https://openalex.org/W2128513612","https://openalex.org/W2129547700","https://openalex.org/W2132587626","https://openalex.org/W2134833483","https://openalex.org/W2139939194","https://openalex.org/W2142912849","https://openalex.org/W2146829799","https://openalex.org/W2146917737","https://openalex.org/W2151921729","https://openalex.org/W2152505869","https://openalex.org/W2152947469","https://openalex.org/W2153281001","https://openalex.org/W2153524704","https://openalex.org/W2153646932","https://openalex.org/W2159899509","https://openalex.org/W2163899650","https://openalex.org/W2170517703","https://openalex.org/W2170579067","https://openalex.org/W2238552371","https://openalex.org/W2321805999","https://openalex.org/W2346502627","https://openalex.org/W2355206459","https://openalex.org/W2363480212","https://openalex.org/W2403671454","https://openalex.org/W2416675652","https://openalex.org/W2461009619","https://openalex.org/W2467247336","https://openalex.org/W2468031570","https://openalex.org/W2476181906","https://openalex.org/W2509432012","https://openalex.org/W2511182434","https://openalex.org/W2514853930","https://openalex.org/W2514866147","https://openalex.org/W2521342226","https://openalex.org/W2525319258","https://openalex.org/W2558188285","https://openalex.org/W2568194123","https://openalex.org/W2580761158","https://openalex.org/W2587351014","https://openalex.org/W2599098641","https://openalex.org/W2606992833","https://openalex.org/W2626252181","https://openalex.org/W2672052571","https://openalex.org/W2725917876","https://openalex.org/W2734504115","https://openalex.org/W2734969121","https://openalex.org/W2736103568","https://openalex.org/W2737303094","https://openalex.org/W2768189035","https://openalex.org/W2768653730","https://openalex.org/W2770719998","https://openalex.org/W2783385530","https://openalex.org/W2830467973","https://openalex.org/W2980356892","https://openalex.org/W3022903699","https://openalex.org/W4246810060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754185545","https://openalex.org/W2999125945","https://openalex.org/W2002469155","https://openalex.org/W2896443245","https://openalex.org/W4403844425","https://openalex.org/W6901907132","https://openalex.org/W2160541947","https://openalex.org/W2051348182","https://openalex.org/W7166736811","https://openalex.org/W2913315149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Many":[1],"people":[2],"living":[3],"with":[4],"HIV":[5,178,350],"(PLWH)":[6],"who":[7],"are":[8],"eligible":[9],"for":[10,41,55,84,127,271,341],"antiretroviral":[11],"therapy":[12],"(ART)":[13],"do":[14],"not":[15,134,166,247,272],"initiate":[16],"treatment,":[17],"leading":[18],"to":[19,29,38,131,135,151,154,156,167,248,346],"excess":[20],"morbidity,":[21],"mortality,":[22],"and":[23,60,69,101,110,180,201,228,238,241,250,290,295,309,312,322,331],"viral":[24],"transmission.":[25],"As":[26],"countries":[27],"move":[28],"treat":[30],"all":[31],"PLWH":[32],"at":[33,306],"diagnosis,":[34],"it":[35],"is":[36],"critical":[37,345],"understand":[39],"reasons":[40,54,340],"non-initiation.":[42],"METHODS:":[43],"We":[44,63],"conducted":[45,118],"a":[46,94,119],"systematic":[47],"review":[48],"of":[49,73,142,204,217,230,265,293,300,336,349],"the":[50,214,226,287,296,307,347],"qualitative":[51,75],"literature":[52],"on":[53,139,286],"ART":[56,158,169,274,294,327],"non-initiation":[57,342],"in":[58,164,325],"low-":[59],"middle-income":[61],"countries.":[62],"screened":[64],"1376":[65],"titles,":[66],"680":[67],"abstracts,":[68],"154":[70],"full-text":[71],"reports":[72],"English-language":[74],"studies":[76,109],"published":[77],"January":[78],"2000-April":[79],"2017;":[80],"20":[81],"met":[82],"criteria":[83],"inclusion.":[85],"Our":[86],"analysis":[87,141],"involved":[88],"three":[89,267],"steps.":[90],"First,":[91],"we":[92,117,146,212,220],"used":[93,147],"\"thematic":[95],"synthesis\"":[96],"approach,":[97],"identifying":[98],"supply-side":[99],"(facility)":[100],"demand-side":[102],"(patient)":[103],"factors":[104,113,162,187,224],"commonly":[105],"cited":[106],"across":[107,278],"different":[108],"organizing":[111],"these":[112,251,266],"into":[114,184,259,328],"themes.":[115],"Second,":[116],"theoretical":[120],"mapping":[121],"exercise,":[122],"developing":[123],"an":[124,208,243],"explanatory":[125,149,209],"model":[126,150],"patients'":[128],"decision-making":[129],"process":[130],"start":[132,168],"(or":[133,254],"start)":[136],"ART,":[137],"based":[138],"inductive":[140],"evidence":[143],"reviewed.":[144],"Third,":[145],"this":[148,234],"identify":[152],"opportunities":[153],"intervene":[155],"increase":[157,313],"uptake.":[159],"RESULTS:":[160],"Demand-side":[161],"implicated":[163],"decisions":[165],"included":[170,188,275],"feeling":[171],"healthy,":[172],"low":[173,297],"social":[174],"support,":[175],"gender":[176],"norms,":[177],"stigma,":[179],"difficulties":[181],"translating":[182],"intentions":[183,252],"actions.":[185,260],"Supply-side":[186],"high":[189],"care-seeking":[190],"costs,":[191],"concerns":[192],"about":[193],"confidentiality,":[194],"low-quality":[195],"health":[196,289],"services,":[197],"recommended":[198],"lifestyle":[199,320],"changes,":[200],"incomplete":[202],"knowledge":[203],"treatment":[205],"benefits.":[206],"Developing":[207],"model,":[210],"which":[211],"labeled":[213],"Transdisciplinary":[215],"Model":[216],"Health":[218],"Decision-Making,":[219],"posited":[221],"that":[222],"contextual":[223],"determine":[225],"costs":[227],"benefits":[229,292],"ART;":[231],"patients":[232,324],"perceive":[233],"context":[235],"(through":[236],"cognitive":[237],"emotional":[239],"appraisals)":[240],"form":[242],"intention":[244],"whether":[245],"or":[246],"start;":[249],"may":[253,255],"not)":[256],"be":[257,344],"translated":[258],"Interventions":[261,338],"can":[262],"target":[263],"each":[264],"stages.":[268],"CONCLUSIONS:":[269],"Reasons":[270],"starting":[273],"consistent":[276],"themes":[277],"studies.":[279],"Future":[280],"interventions":[281],"could:":[282],"(1)":[283],"provide":[284],"information":[285],"large":[288],"prevention":[291],"side":[298],"effects":[299],"current":[301],"regimens;":[302],"(2)":[303],"reduce":[304],"stigma":[305,316],"patient":[308],"community":[310],"levels":[311],"confidentiality":[314],"where":[315],"persists;":[317],"(3)":[318],"remove":[319],"requirements":[321],"support":[323],"integrating":[326],"their":[329],"lives;":[330],"(4)":[332],"alleviate":[333],"economic":[334],"burdens":[335],"ART.":[337],"addressing":[339],"will":[343],"success":[348],"\"treat":[351],"all\"":[352],"strategies.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}