{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807342109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","title":"Authoritarian emigration states: Soft power and cross-border mobility in the Middle East","display_name":"Authoritarian emigration states: Soft power and cross-border mobility in the Middle East","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807342109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","mag":"2807342109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0192512118759902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9856456","display_name":"International Political Science Review","issn_l":"0192-5121","issn":["0192-5121","1460-373X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055506584","display_name":"Gerasimos Tsourapas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-9752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-9752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gerasimos Tsourapas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-9752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055506584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.9017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99599294,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"400","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.6122999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.6122999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.14319999516010284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.09950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-power","display_name":"soft power","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-emigration","display_name":"labor emigration","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-skilled-emigration","display_name":"high-skilled emigration","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egyptian-foreign-policy","display_name":"Egyptian foreign policy","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamal-abdel-nasser","display_name":"Gamal Abdel Nasser","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diplomacy","display_name":"cultural diplomacy","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-unity","display_name":"Arab unity","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-imperialism","display_name":"anti-imperialism","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-assistance","display_name":"development aid","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-crossing","display_name":"border crossing","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yemen","display_name":"Yemen","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104151175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187668","display_name":"Emigration","level":2,"score":0.9876149892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.8136990070343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178601582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143951","display_name":"Soft power","level":3,"score":0.7476109266281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.543470025062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557252395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889","display_name":"Diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.5001516342163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.49017056822776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.4852430820465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.44429564476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.44424453377723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4405853748321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41052964329719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3265148997306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22328689694404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.19250079989433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.14077621698379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12349563837051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0192512118759902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9856456","display_name":"International Political Science Review","issn_l":"0192-5121","issn":["0192-5121","1460-373X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:osf:socarx:w58yj","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/download/5c481cf32e57200018fddaa3/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/dd2a707d-27bf-4151-9f29-3b7b87ea681c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/dd2a707d-27bf-4151-9f29-3b7b87ea681c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tsourapas, G 2018, 'Authoritarian emigration states : soft power and cross-border mobility in the Middle East', International Political Science Review, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/dd2a707d-27bf-4151-9f29-3b7b87ea681c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/authoritarian-emigration-states(dd2a707d-27bf-4151-9f29-3b7b87ea681c).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tsourapas, G 2018, 'Authoritarian emigration states : soft power and cross-border mobility in the Middle East', International Political Science Review, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118759902","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:16fc771b-0f15-462c-8d1b-4cf146047f79","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/w58yj","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:46023-DF5-54F","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31235/OSF.IO/W58YJ","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w58yj","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4099999964237213}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449398505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SG163246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320042","funder_display_name":"Council for British Research in the Levant"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7127845120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BA/ Leverhulme Small Research Grant [SG163246]","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320004","funder_display_name":"British Academy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320004","display_name":"British Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0302b4677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320042","display_name":"Council for British Research in the Levant","ror":"https://ror.org/013pjny96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320339","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321008","display_name":"Universiteit van Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325655","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249414926","https://openalex.org/W569922127","https://openalex.org/W619738782","https://openalex.org/W620024909","https://openalex.org/W641958338","https://openalex.org/W647015702","https://openalex.org/W648818496","https://openalex.org/W1491927289","https://openalex.org/W1498118270","https://openalex.org/W1502798522","https://openalex.org/W1502813212","https://openalex.org/W1509450471","https://openalex.org/W1862929290","https://openalex.org/W1888197977","https://openalex.org/W1931104058","https://openalex.org/W1946009289","https://openalex.org/W2009320082","https://openalex.org/W2023397700","https://openalex.org/W2024307053","https://openalex.org/W2033364328","https://openalex.org/W2049316045","https://openalex.org/W2051670295","https://openalex.org/W2060396456","https://openalex.org/W2072521631","https://openalex.org/W2076391975","https://openalex.org/W2113306247","https://openalex.org/W2120159363","https://openalex.org/W2134771325","https://openalex.org/W2141425015","https://openalex.org/W2169936529","https://openalex.org/W2260336268","https://openalex.org/W2278162646","https://openalex.org/W2288950415","https://openalex.org/W2342993084","https://openalex.org/W2343135671","https://openalex.org/W2490993686","https://openalex.org/W2492713279","https://openalex.org/W2496581605","https://openalex.org/W2624051691","https://openalex.org/W2740897459","https://openalex.org/W2773536078","https://openalex.org/W2792195751","https://openalex.org/W2806982127","https://openalex.org/W2892825938","https://openalex.org/W3124051341","https://openalex.org/W3135402546","https://openalex.org/W4206192575","https://openalex.org/W4237383682","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388313407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888986813","https://openalex.org/W2925278839","https://openalex.org/W111001131","https://openalex.org/W3184389616","https://openalex.org/W4323657122","https://openalex.org/W3193695933","https://openalex.org/W1601776477","https://openalex.org/W4244336883","https://openalex.org/W2466838745","https://openalex.org/W4251464013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Can":[0],"labor":[1,63],"emigration":[2,15,47,50,64,136],"form":[3],"part":[4],"of":[5,45,79,86],"a":[6,97],"state\u2019s":[7],"foreign":[8,122],"policy":[9,123],"goals?":[10],"The":[11],"relevant":[12],"literature":[13],"links":[14],"to":[16,28,70,82],"states\u2019":[17,137],"developmental":[18],"needs,":[19],"which":[20],"does":[21],"not":[22],"explain":[23],"why":[24],"some":[25],"states":[26],"choose":[27],"economically":[29],"subsidize":[30],"their":[31],"citizens\u2019":[32],"emigration.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35,117],"explores":[36],"for":[37,65,99],"the":[38,41,55,92,116,119],"first":[39],"time":[40],"soft":[42,72],"power":[43,73],"importance":[44],"high-skilled":[46],"from":[48],"authoritarian":[49,135],"states.":[51],"It":[52],"finds":[53],"that":[54],"Egyptian":[56],"state":[57],"under":[58],"Gamal":[59],"Abdel":[60],"Nasser":[61],"employed":[62],"two":[66],"distinct":[67],"purposes":[68],"linked":[69],"broader":[71],"interests:":[74],"first,":[75],"as":[76,96],"an":[77,130],"instrument":[78],"cultural":[80],"diplomacy":[81],"spread":[83],"revolutionary":[84],"ideals":[85],"Arab":[87],"unity":[88],"and":[89,106,112,124],"anti-imperialism":[90],"across":[91],"Middle":[93],"East;":[94],"second,":[95],"tool":[98],"disseminating":[100],"development":[101],"aid,":[102],"particularly":[103],"in":[104],"Yemen":[105],"sub-Saharan":[107],"Africa.":[108],"Drawing":[109],"on":[110,134],"Arabic":[111],"non-Arabic":[113],"primary":[114],"sources,":[115],"identifies":[118],"interplay":[120],"between":[121],"cross-border":[125],"mobility,":[126],"while":[127],"also":[128],"sketching":[129],"evolving":[131],"research":[132],"agenda":[133],"policy-making.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}
