{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807337170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","title":"Study on Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Non-antibiotics and its Interaction with Conventional Antibiotics","display_name":"Study on Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Non-antibiotics and its Interaction with Conventional Antibiotics","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807337170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","mag":"2807337170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219544","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal","issn_l":"2347-9442","issn":["2347-9442","2582-0540"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098236219","display_name":"Michael Hadera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86539363","display_name":"University of Asmara","ror":"https://ror.org/035rzdj42","country_code":"ER","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}],"countries":["ER"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hadera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098344201","display_name":"Selam Mehari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86539363","display_name":"University of Asmara","ror":"https://ror.org/035rzdj42","country_code":"ER","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}],"countries":["ER"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selam Mehari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083017512","display_name":"N. Saleem Basha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1326-5887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1326-5887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86539363","display_name":"University of Asmara","ror":"https://ror.org/035rzdj42","country_code":"ER","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}],"countries":["ER"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Saleem Basha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098431068","display_name":"Nebyu D. Amha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86539363","display_name":"University of Asmara","ror":"https://ror.org/035rzdj42","country_code":"ER","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}],"countries":["ER"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nebyu D. Amha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103731553","display_name":"Yacob Berhane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86539363","display_name":"University of Asmara","ror":"https://ror.org/035rzdj42","country_code":"ER","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}],"countries":["ER"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yacob Berhane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, P.O Box.8566, Eritrea, North East Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74972315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"07"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.5859000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.5859000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.18310000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13160","display_name":"Synthesis and Biological Evaluation","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-antibiotic-antimicrobials","display_name":"non-antibiotic antimicrobials","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-drug-interactions","display_name":"drug-drug interactions","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial synergy","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoxetine","display_name":"fluoxetine","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propranolol","display_name":"propranolol","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methyldopa","display_name":"methyldopa","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspirin","display_name":"aspirin","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciprofloxacin","display_name":"ciprofloxacin","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penicillin-g","display_name":"penicillin G","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluconazole","display_name":"fluconazole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida-albicans","display_name":"Candida albicans","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-inhibitory-concentration-index","display_name":"fractional inhibitory concentration index","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.8080000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.8637222051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.6843585968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256602","display_name":"Ciprofloxacin","level":3,"score":0.5601156949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12190","display_name":"Penicillin","level":3,"score":0.5561133027076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780651595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411478","display_name":"Fluconazole","level":3,"score":0.5351696014404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780917455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310443","display_name":"Candida albicans","level":2,"score":0.4578375816345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11636898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390585","display_name":"Agar diffusion test","level":4,"score":0.4570773243904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.44614309072494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776134451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422244","display_name":"Fluoxetine","level":4,"score":0.4176662266254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.39998146891593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38266894221305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3423992991447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24682649970054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.19199901819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.13060623407363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779548794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578726","display_name":"Antifungal","level":2,"score":0.08246615529060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06018257141113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219544","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal","issn_l":"2347-9442","issn":["2347-9442","2582-0540"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i1/173522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219544","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal","issn_l":"2347-9442","issn":["2347-9442","2582-0540"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3129613789","https://openalex.org/W7170108056","https://openalex.org/W2883555063","https://openalex.org/W2999935883","https://openalex.org/W2048315780","https://openalex.org/W2890880302","https://openalex.org/W7120353504","https://openalex.org/W141489083","https://openalex.org/W7222943141","https://openalex.org/W4417271838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51],"escalating":[1],"levels":[2],"of":[3,17,23,31,38,64,160],"antimicrobial":[4,39,62,83,112,139,152,206,223],"drug":[5,116],"resistance":[6],"render":[7],"it":[8],"indispensable":[9],"to":[10,55,212,218],"explore":[11],"newer":[12],"drugs":[13,67,84],"with":[14,20,45,80],"lesser":[15],"degrees":[16,37],"toxicity":[18],"and":[19,58,74,77,89,101,164,182],"fewer":[21],"chances":[22],"developing":[24],"resistance.":[25],"Various":[26],"studies":[27],"on":[28,175,186],"the":[29,115,134,176,187,194,209,216,220],"discovery":[30],"novel":[32],"antimicrobials":[33],"have":[34],"found":[35],"different":[36],"activity":[40,63,140,142,153,173],"in":[41,60,78,215,221],"commonly":[42],"used":[43,109],"medicines":[44],"diverse":[46],"pharmacological":[47],"actions":[48],"i.e.,":[49,68,85,96,180],"non-antibiotics.":[50],"present":[52],"work":[53],"aimed":[54],"describe":[56],"qualitatively":[57],"quantitatively":[59],"vitro":[61],"selected":[65],"non-antibiotic":[66],"Acetyl":[69],"salicylic":[70],"acid,":[71],"Methyldopa,":[72],"Propranolol":[73],"Fluoxetine":[75],"alone":[76],"combination":[79],"three":[81,92],"conventional":[82],"Ciprofloxacin,":[86],"Benzyl":[87],"penicillin,":[88],"Fluconazole":[90],"against":[91,143,154,168],"standard":[93],"test":[94],"microorganisms,":[95],"E.":[97],"coli,":[98],"S.":[99],"aureus":[100],"C.":[102,169],"albicans.":[103],"Agar":[104],"well":[105],"diffusion":[106],"method":[107],"was":[108,118],"for":[110,138,200],"testing":[111],"sensitivity,":[113],"while":[114],"interaction":[117],"estimated":[119],"using":[120],"fractional":[121],"inhibitory":[122],"concentration":[123],"index":[124],"(FIC":[125],"index)":[126],"obtained":[127,179],"from":[128],"checkerboard":[129],"broth":[130],"dilution":[131],"method.":[132],"All":[133],"four":[135],"non-antibiotics":[136,196],"tested":[137,147,156],"showed":[141,151,171],"at":[144],"least":[145],"one":[146],"microorganism,":[148],"whereas":[149],"fluoxetine":[150,163,192],"all":[155],"organisms.":[157],"Combined":[158],"effect":[159],"fluconazole":[161,165],"+":[162,166],"propranolol":[167],"albicans":[170],"synergistic":[172],"based":[174],"FICindex":[177],"value":[178],"0.25":[181],"0.1875,":[183],"respectively.":[184],"Based":[185],"results,":[188],"study":[189,210],"suggests":[190],"that":[191],"among":[193],"other":[195],"has":[197],"a":[198],"potential":[199],"being":[201],"developed":[202],"into":[203],"an":[204],"effective":[205],"agent.":[207],"However,":[208],"needs":[211],"be":[213],"extended":[214],"future":[217],"determine":[219],"vivo":[222],"activity.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}