{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807206830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","title":"On slowdown variance as a measure of fairness","display_name":"On slowdown variance as a measure of fairness","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807206830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","mag":"2807206830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898359650","display_name":"Operations Research Perspectives","issn_l":"2214-7160","issn":["2214-7160"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019620211","display_name":"Vincent J. Maccio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent J. Maccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022130791","display_name":"Jenell Hogg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenell Hogg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000267488","display_name":"Douglas G. Down","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-831X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-831X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas G. Down","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-831X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000267488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"apc_paid":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05903024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-metrics","display_name":"fairness metrics","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-systems","display_name":"queueing systems","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-sharing","display_name":"processor sharing","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-come-first-served","display_name":"last-come-first-served","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-remaining-processing-time","display_name":"shortest remaining processing time","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starvation","display_name":"starvation","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-time-distribution","display_name":"service time distribution","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling-policies","display_name":"scheduling policies","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777242750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31351","display_name":"Slowdown","level":2,"score":0.6882225275039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6704339981079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6518383026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6194396018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.6053282022476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5561512112617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.540124237537384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5400546193122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.371131956577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23684996366500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20406758785247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1926821768283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0968458354473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09670844674110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09185329079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.07852417230606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.07108274102210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898359650","display_name":"Operations Research Perspectives","issn_l":"2214-7160","issn":["2214-7160"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:oprepe:v:5:y:2018:i:c:p:133-144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214716018300071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:880398463a1c46929c6bcecae33c95f5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/880398463a1c46929c6bcecae33c95f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research Perspectives, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 133-144 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/246346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/246346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2018.05.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898359650","display_name":"Operations Research Perspectives","issn_l":"2214-7160","issn":["2214-7160"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143821170","https://openalex.org/W636382642","https://openalex.org/W1482906075","https://openalex.org/W1932332931","https://openalex.org/W1965657460","https://openalex.org/W1978944824","https://openalex.org/W2006493468","https://openalex.org/W2020346235","https://openalex.org/W2031879787","https://openalex.org/W2040899944","https://openalex.org/W2050439879","https://openalex.org/W2060333476","https://openalex.org/W2093412843","https://openalex.org/W2100163571","https://openalex.org/W2101204871","https://openalex.org/W2115729026","https://openalex.org/W2146014119","https://openalex.org/W2146945479","https://openalex.org/W2168694501","https://openalex.org/W2169145071","https://openalex.org/W3003535784","https://openalex.org/W4230011754","https://openalex.org/W4232282490","https://openalex.org/W4247923353","https://openalex.org/W6640514649","https://openalex.org/W6645150011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984454875","https://openalex.org/W2763365653","https://openalex.org/W3125019416","https://openalex.org/W2100376361","https://openalex.org/W883387010","https://openalex.org/W1812700228","https://openalex.org/W3124649659","https://openalex.org/W2595707132","https://openalex.org/W4244819862","https://openalex.org/W2151687600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"considering":[1],"fairness":[2,108],"one":[3,21],"must":[4],"ask":[5],"two":[6],"fundamental":[7],"questions.":[8,36],"Firstly,":[9],"what":[10],"does":[11,20],"it":[12],"mean":[13],"to":[14,33,57],"be":[15],"fair?":[16],"And":[17],"secondly,":[18],"how":[19,47],"measure":[22,73],"that":[23],"fairness?":[24],"Different":[25],"authors":[26],"have":[27],"offered":[28],"different":[29],"notions":[30],"and":[31,52,119],"metrics":[32,43],"address":[34,58],"these":[35,59],"We":[37],"provide":[38],"arguments":[39],"identifying":[40],"where":[41],"past":[42],"fall":[44],"short,":[45],"discuss":[46],"the":[48],"underlying":[49],"motivations":[50],"differ,":[51],"offer":[53],"our":[54],"own":[55],"metric":[56],"issues.":[60],"That":[61],"is,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"using":[65],"a":[66,72,83,90,96,105],"system\u2019s":[67],"slowdown":[68],"variance":[69],"(SDV)":[70],"as":[71,123,125],"for":[74],"its":[75],"fairness.":[76],"Advantages":[77],"of":[78,85,92,98,107,127],"SDV":[79],"are":[80],"demonstrated":[81],"via":[82],"suite":[84],"simulation":[86],"experiments":[87],"which":[88],"compare":[89],"range":[91,97],"established":[93],"policies":[94],"under":[95],"service":[99],"time":[100,133],"distributions.":[101],"These":[102],"advantages":[103],"include":[104],"decoupling":[106],"from":[109],"performance,":[110],"an":[111],"intuitive":[112],"distinction":[113],"between":[114],"last":[115],"come":[116],"first":[117],"serve":[118],"processor":[120],"sharing":[121],",":[122],"well":[124],"recognition":[126],"starvation":[128],"within":[129],"shortest":[130],"remaining":[131],"processing":[132],".":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
