{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807148971","doi":null,"title":"A Comparison of Effectiveness of Global Leaders and Domestic Leaders in Electronic Retail Industry","display_name":"A Comparison of Effectiveness of Global Leaders and Domestic Leaders in Electronic Retail Industry","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807148971","mag":"2807148971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2807148971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3168541_code1843318.pdf?abstractid=3168541&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3168541_code1843318.pdf?abstractid=3168541&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030726008","display_name":"Adnan ul Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2051-8635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2051-8635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99434035","display_name":"University of Wales Trinity Saint David","ror":"https://ror.org/05gkzcc88","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99434035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan ul Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2051-8635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99434035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062475391","display_name":"Erhan Ayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-9058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-9058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204585392","display_name":"Usak University","ror":"https://ror.org/05es91y67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erhan Ayd\u0131n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Usak University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-9058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Usak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084092722","display_name":"Elif Usyal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204585392","display_name":"Usak University","ror":"https://ror.org/05es91y67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elif Usyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Usak University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Usak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.6025000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.6025000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.29490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.04230000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-leadership","display_name":"global leadership","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-effectiveness","display_name":"leadership effectiveness","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-skills","display_name":"leadership skills","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-mindset","display_name":"global mindset","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-electronics-retail","display_name":"consumer electronics retail","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-skills","display_name":"management skills","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-management","display_name":"cross-cultural management","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-managers","display_name":"global managers","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-positions","display_name":"leadership roles","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.79915452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141256883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570465","display_name":"Global Leadership","level":2,"score":0.7828762531280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5569020509719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.5568302869796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5092312097549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49071943759918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4615367352962494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.4524962306022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26233971118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13839489221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13309675455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2807148971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3168541_code1843318.pdf?abstractid=3168541&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2807148971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3168541_code1843318.pdf?abstractid=3168541&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036680172","https://openalex.org/W2512877810","https://openalex.org/W3213017080","https://openalex.org/W1671383999","https://openalex.org/W2120775309","https://openalex.org/W3011269037","https://openalex.org/W3109325655","https://openalex.org/W2993749394","https://openalex.org/W2564968827","https://openalex.org/W2032834429","https://openalex.org/W2754884013","https://openalex.org/W2183964779","https://openalex.org/W2007896267","https://openalex.org/W1988277569","https://openalex.org/W2778501291","https://openalex.org/W3121981621","https://openalex.org/W3199563125","https://openalex.org/W306130786","https://openalex.org/W2810864368","https://openalex.org/W2809856008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"the":[1,15,43,52,61,70,167],"end":[2],"of":[3,17,30,42,45,63,120,141,169],"twentieth":[4],"century":[5],"\u2018global":[6],"manager\u2019":[7],"emerged":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,40],"new":[11],"managerial":[12,31,84],"reality.":[13],"In":[14],"sphere":[16],"cultural,":[18],"geographical,":[19],"and":[20,33,66,69,75,83,102,111,128,144,153],"temporal":[21],"complexity,":[22,142],"global":[23,46,65,78,112,121,132,152],"leaders":[24,47,50,68,113,133],"come":[25],"into":[26],"prominence":[27],"in":[28,51,77,94,126,137,159],"terms":[29],"skills":[32,85],"effectiveness.":[34],"This":[35,146],"study":[36,147],"aims":[37],"at":[38],"demonstrating":[39],"comparison":[41],"effectiveness":[44,168],"with":[48,139],"domestic":[49,67,110,154],"electronic":[53,80,160],"retail":[54,81,161],"businesses.":[55],"Fulfill":[56],"this":[57,95],"aim":[58],"we":[59],"investigated":[60],"competencies":[62,74],"both":[64,109,170],"correlation":[71],"between":[72],"leadership":[73],"challenges":[76,158],"consumer":[79],"businesses":[82],"against":[86],"these":[87],"challenges.":[88],"The":[89],"comprehensive":[90],"literature":[91],"review":[92],"analysis":[93],"paper":[96],"shows":[97],"that":[98],"informational":[99],"role,":[100],"interpersonal,":[101],"decisional":[103],"roles":[104],"are":[105,134],"carried":[106],"out":[107],"by":[108],"but":[114],"'global":[115],"mindset'":[116],"is":[117,148],"additional":[118],"attribute":[119],"leader":[122],"to":[123,150,157,165],"work":[124],"effectively":[125],"diversified":[127],"cross-cultural":[129],"environment":[130],"therefore":[131],"more":[135],"suitable":[136],"dealing":[138],"issues":[140],"connectedness,":[143],"context.":[145],"unique":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"leader\u2019s":[155],"approaches":[156],"industry":[162],"which":[163],"enable":[164],"show":[166],"leadership.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}