{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806908091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","title":"Review of attacks on health care facilities in six conflicts of the past three decades","display_name":"Review of attacks on health care facilities in six conflicts of the past three decades","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806908091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","mag":"2806908091","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29743939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","pdf_url":"https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77607499","display_name":"Conflict and Health","issn_l":"1752-1505","issn":["1752-1505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091034354","display_name":"Carolyn Briody","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn Briody","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY USA","Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061912331","display_name":"Leonard Rubenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-198X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-198X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard Rubenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103499979","display_name":"Les Roberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Les Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY USA","Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051701279","display_name":"Eamon Penney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eamon Penney","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY USA","Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111866483","display_name":"William Keenan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Keenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["3School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, USA","School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005007403","display_name":"Jeffrey D. Horbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-4927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-4927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088533","display_name":"Vermont Oxford Network","ror":"https://ror.org/003gt3k37","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Horbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["4Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, and Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, USA","Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, and Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, and Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770","https://openalex.org/I4210088533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, and Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770","https://openalex.org/I4210088533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103499979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":11.831,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98825171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13424","display_name":"Ukraine: War, Education, Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-conflict","display_name":"armed conflict","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syria","display_name":"Syria","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yemen","display_name":"Yemen","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chechnya","display_name":"Chechen Republic","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kosovo","display_name":"Kosovo","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bosnia-and-herzegovina","display_name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection-methods","display_name":"data collection methods","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-guidelines","display_name":"reporting guidelines","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicians-for-human-rights","display_name":"Physicians for Human Rights","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6286087036132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5587069988250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5176128149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.4431925415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4202059507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.41579878330230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27116310596466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15993812680244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.13235145807266235}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","pdf_url":"https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77607499","display_name":"Conflict and Health","issn_l":"1752-1505","issn":["1752-1505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29743939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29743939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict and health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4859867","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC5930682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5930682","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5930682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Confl Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48c608b57b3345ad870fc44b3a6a0909","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48c608b57b3345ad870fc44b3a6a0909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conflict and Health, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.7916/d8nw11wb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8nw11wb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8nw11wb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","pdf_url":"https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13031-018-0152-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77607499","display_name":"Conflict and Health","issn_l":"1752-1505","issn":["1752-1505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806908091.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806908091.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1878093995","https://openalex.org/W1991754976","https://openalex.org/W2131414104","https://openalex.org/W2141894537","https://openalex.org/W2260806741","https://openalex.org/W2300041925","https://openalex.org/W2418834974","https://openalex.org/W2460550797","https://openalex.org/W2464601695","https://openalex.org/W2562952212","https://openalex.org/W2623105049","https://openalex.org/W2922413259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3103145491","https://openalex.org/W2363060447","https://openalex.org/W2378710006","https://openalex.org/W2509596431","https://openalex.org/W2347794813","https://openalex.org/W2139015467","https://openalex.org/W2116614277","https://openalex.org/W2608168035","https://openalex.org/W1537530860","https://openalex.org/W2196077935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,156],"the":[2,72,89,124,132,140,152,190,201,278,303],"ongoing":[3],"conflicts":[4,39,60,100,304],"of":[5,14,131,134,139,164,259,271,296,302,331],"Syria":[6,29,105,184],"and":[7,20,30,78,86,114,116,247,257,262,309,344,348],"Yemen,":[8],"there":[9],"have":[10,69,82,148],"been":[11],"widespread":[12],"reports":[13],"attacks":[15,54,81,165,176,210,226,263,295,313],"on":[16,55,96,166,177,211,294],"health":[17,56,167],"care":[18,57],"facilities":[19,58,135,179,213,261,273,297],"personnel.":[21],"Tabulated":[22],"evidence":[23],"does":[24],"suggest":[25],"hospital":[26],"bombings":[27],"in":[28,37,59,61,154,183,280,310,335,352],"Yemen":[31,103,221],"are":[32,102],"far":[33,277],"higher":[34],"than":[35],"reported":[36,162,175,209,224,272],"other":[38],"but":[40],"it":[41],"is":[42,46,275],"unclear":[43],"if":[44,80],"this":[45,157,284],"a":[47,186,218,223,341],"reporting":[48,326],"artefact.":[49],"OBJECTIVE:":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52],"examines":[53],"six":[62,99],"middle-":[63],"to":[64,76,87,93,122,254,289],"high-":[65],"income":[66],"countries":[67],"that":[68,145,283,323],"occurred":[70],"over":[71,185,217],"past":[73],"three":[74],"decades":[75],"try":[77],"determine":[79],"become":[83],"more":[84,342],"common,":[85],"assess":[88],"different":[90,329],"methods":[91],"used":[92],"collect":[94,255],"data":[95,130,150,293],"attacks.":[97],"The":[98,142,269],"reviewed":[101],"(2015-Present),":[104],"(2011-":[106],"Present),":[107],"Iraq":[108,230],"(2003-2011),":[109],"Chechnya":[110,235],"(1999-2000),":[111],"Kosovo":[112,241],"(1998-1999),":[113],"Bosnia":[115,248],"Herzegovina":[117],"(1992-1995).":[118],"METHODS:":[119],"We":[120],"attempted":[121],"get":[123],"highest":[125],"quality":[126],"source(s)":[127],"with":[128,328],"summary":[129,149],"number":[133,270],"attacked":[136,274],"for":[137,171,300,340],"each":[138],"conflicts.":[141,291],"only":[143],"conflict":[144,153],"did":[146],"not":[147,315],"was":[151,298],"Iraq.":[155],"case,":[158],"we":[159],"tallied":[160],"individual":[161],"events":[163],"care.":[168],"RESULTS:":[169],"Physicians":[170],"Human":[172],"Rights":[173],"(PHR)":[174],"315":[178],"(4.38":[180],"per":[181,215,228,233,239,245,251],"month)":[182,216],"7-year":[187],"period,":[188],"while":[189],"Monitoring":[191],"Violence":[192],"against":[193],"Health":[194,203,207],"Care":[195],"(MVH)":[196],"tool":[197],"launched":[198],"later":[199],"by":[200,276],"World":[202],"Organization":[204],"(WHO)":[205],"Turkey":[206],"Cluster":[208],"135":[212],"(9.64":[214],"14-month":[219],"period.":[220],"had":[222],"93":[225],"(4.65":[227],"month),":[229,234,240,246],"12":[231],"(0.12":[232],">":[236,242],"24":[237],"(2.4":[238],"100":[243],"(6.67":[244],"21":[249],"(0.41":[250],"month).":[252],"Methodologies":[253],"data,":[256],"definitions":[258],"both":[260],"varied":[264,307],"widely":[265],"across":[266],"sources.":[267],"CONCLUSION:":[268],"greatest":[279],"Syria,":[281,336],"suggesting":[282],"phenomenon":[285],"has":[286],"increased":[287],"compared":[288],"earlier":[290],"However,":[292],"incomplete":[299],"all":[301],"examined,":[305],"methodologies":[306],"widely,":[308],"some":[311],"cases,":[312],"were":[314],"defined":[316],"at":[317],"all.":[318],"A":[319],"global,":[320],"standardized":[321],"system":[322],"allows":[324],"multiple":[325],"routes":[327],"levels":[330],"confirmation,":[332],"as":[333],"seen":[334],"would":[337],"likely":[338],"allow":[339],"reliable":[343],"reproducible":[345],"documentation":[346],"system,":[347],"potentially,":[349],"an":[350],"increase":[351],"accountability.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
