{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806700779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","title":"African elephants use plant odours to make foraging decisions across multiple spatial scales","display_name":"African elephants use plant odours to make foraging decisions across multiple spatial scales","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806700779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","mag":"2806700779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157690423","display_name":"Animal Behaviour","issn_l":"0003-3472","issn":["0003-3472","1095-8282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/65209/1/Schmitt_African_2018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002010665","display_name":"Melissa H. Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-7673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-7673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melissa H. Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-7673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071050687","display_name":"Adam Shuttleworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-580X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-580X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Shuttleworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101466037","display_name":"David Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-6729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-6729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082015835","display_name":"Adrian M. Shrader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-6132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-6132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian M. Shrader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002010665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":2740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0572,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96684127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"141","issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-cues","display_name":"olfactory cues","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-odor","display_name":"plant odor","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-choice","display_name":"patch selection","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-selection","display_name":"plant selection","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-organic-compounds","display_name":"volatile organic compounds","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odour-profile","display_name":"odour profile","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging-efficiency","display_name":"foraging efficiency","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-scale","display_name":"spatial scale","score":0.4480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.9704427719116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46325548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59099","display_name":"Herbivore","level":2,"score":0.8028213977813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992437137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Olfactory cues","level":3,"score":0.6692533493041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.628677487373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.6203601956367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.5550876259803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.5248556137084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163214680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541064","display_name":"Olfaction","level":2,"score":0.4972389042377472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.44966402649879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157690423","display_name":"Animal Behaviour","issn_l":"0003-3472","issn":["0003-3472","1095-8282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/65209","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65209","pdf_url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/65209/1/Schmitt_African_2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Postprint Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/65209","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65209","pdf_url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/65209/1/Schmitt_African_2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Postprint Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1750384601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"97262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2432641782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"90691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6413849070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"77582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8604426306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"90448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322812","display_name":"Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806700779.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806700779.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84533139","https://openalex.org/W244246567","https://openalex.org/W295311690","https://openalex.org/W641628906","https://openalex.org/W829739899","https://openalex.org/W1535592218","https://openalex.org/W1560850815","https://openalex.org/W1602885732","https://openalex.org/W1914359646","https://openalex.org/W1968600914","https://openalex.org/W1969098929","https://openalex.org/W1983096747","https://openalex.org/W1983278209","https://openalex.org/W1984132513","https://openalex.org/W1985375617","https://openalex.org/W1986376826","https://openalex.org/W1993744813","https://openalex.org/W1997955554","https://openalex.org/W1999257048","https://openalex.org/W2003472933","https://openalex.org/W2006697677","https://openalex.org/W2006845913","https://openalex.org/W2012630306","https://openalex.org/W2024578803","https://openalex.org/W2035862639","https://openalex.org/W2042892596","https://openalex.org/W2045107893","https://openalex.org/W2045653366","https://openalex.org/W2047145008","https://openalex.org/W2047456495","https://openalex.org/W2049789132","https://openalex.org/W2055829227","https://openalex.org/W2067922103","https://openalex.org/W2068464155","https://openalex.org/W2069669017","https://openalex.org/W2076905430","https://openalex.org/W2080989969","https://openalex.org/W2082849047","https://openalex.org/W2087034929","https://openalex.org/W2087369095","https://openalex.org/W2095097660","https://openalex.org/W2107875413","https://openalex.org/W2115197768","https://openalex.org/W2117103350","https://openalex.org/W2117288793","https://openalex.org/W2118522891","https://openalex.org/W2119135507","https://openalex.org/W2119140358","https://openalex.org/W2126525382","https://openalex.org/W2127774037","https://openalex.org/W2134151753","https://openalex.org/W2144431753","https://openalex.org/W2145817919","https://openalex.org/W2147950926","https://openalex.org/W2148488819","https://openalex.org/W2152127906","https://openalex.org/W2158161587","https://openalex.org/W2161163382","https://openalex.org/W2166390717","https://openalex.org/W2167101919","https://openalex.org/W2167475108","https://openalex.org/W2170761208","https://openalex.org/W2299686412","https://openalex.org/W2316977101","https://openalex.org/W2317050201","https://openalex.org/W2329740993","https://openalex.org/W2338451568","https://openalex.org/W2344061949","https://openalex.org/W2375621751","https://openalex.org/W2460419684","https://openalex.org/W2469226941","https://openalex.org/W2602035382","https://openalex.org/W2749342031","https://openalex.org/W2915475799","https://openalex.org/W3193316623","https://openalex.org/W3217001605","https://openalex.org/W3217316274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967273835","https://openalex.org/W7215081398","https://openalex.org/W7118903125","https://openalex.org/W4403078284","https://openalex.org/W4411275549","https://openalex.org/W4321169211","https://openalex.org/W2967451430","https://openalex.org/W1986376826","https://openalex.org/W2009289558","https://openalex.org/W4413109273"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}