{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806468377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Antibiotic Self-Medication among Adult Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in the Mboppi Baptist Hospital, Douala, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Prevalence and Determinants of Antibiotic Self-Medication among Adult Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in the Mboppi Baptist Hospital, Douala, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806468377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","mag":"2806468377","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29890712","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6023369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diseases6020049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/6/2/49/pdf?version=1528469890","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736521255","display_name":"Diseases","issn_l":"2079-9721","issn":["2079-9721"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/6/2/49/pdf?version=1528469890","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084802999","display_name":"Roland Cheofor Ngu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-0653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-0653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163423212","display_name":"University of Douala","ror":"https://ror.org/02zr5jr81","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162168","display_name":"Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network","ror":"https://ror.org/05asga947","country_code":"CM","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162168"]}],"countries":["CM","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Cheofor Ngu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala 4856, Cameroon","Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-0653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala 4856, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036594289","display_name":"Vitalis Fambombi Feteh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-7422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-7422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163423212","display_name":"University of Douala","ror":"https://ror.org/02zr5jr81","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162168","display_name":"Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network","ror":"https://ror.org/05asga947","country_code":"CM","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162168"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitalis Fambombi Feteh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala 4856, Cameroon","Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala 4856, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081918894","display_name":"Belmond Tse Kika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-7034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-7034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163423212","display_name":"University of Douala","ror":"https://ror.org/02zr5jr81","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belmond Tse Kika","raw_affiliation_strings":["District Hospital Ekondo-Titi, Ekondo-Titi 281, Cameroon","Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"District Hospital Ekondo-Titi, Ekondo-Titi 281, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097571504","display_name":"Emade Ketchemen Nerice F.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163423212","display_name":"University of Douala","ror":"https://ror.org/02zr5jr81","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emade Ketchemen Nerice F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","School of Public Health \u2013 University of Brussels, Brussels CP 598, B-1070, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health \u2013 University of Brussels, Brussels CP 598, B-1070, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087076455","display_name":"Chia Mark Ayeah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163423212","display_name":"University of Douala","ror":"https://ror.org/02zr5jr81","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia Mark Ayeah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Doctors Research Group (MDRG), Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163423212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090253457","display_name":"Theresia Chifor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theresia Chifor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084852210","display_name":"Tsi N. Njim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-0443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-0443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194839184","display_name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03svjbs84","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194839184"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162168","display_name":"Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network","ror":"https://ror.org/05asga947","country_code":"CM","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162168"]}],"countries":["CM","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsi Njim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK","Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala 4856, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-0443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194839184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala 4856, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099994562","display_name":"Alvine Manuela Fankem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvine Manuela Fankem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097651082","display_name":"Franklin Kwenti Fai Yengo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franklin Kwenti Fai Yengo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mboppi Baptist Hospital Douala, Douala 15161, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084852210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194839184","https://openalex.org/I4210162168"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":2.0995,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85615372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"49","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-medication-with-antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotic self-medication","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-self-medication","display_name":"determinants of self-medication","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","display_name":"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amoxicillin","display_name":"amoxicillin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cameroon","display_name":"Cameroon","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7997053861618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.7904759645462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779708577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201928","display_name":"Amoxicillin","level":3,"score":0.6891454458236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776012195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory tract infections","level":3,"score":0.6627845168113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776040555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903321","display_name":"Antimicrobial stewardship","level":4,"score":0.5815351605415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.5679962635040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.5480279922485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142104173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761396","display_name":"Self-medication","level":2,"score":0.5442355871200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.48893776535987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4657061696052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.4166876971721649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3693939447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.22045978903770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.17379727959632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.14083099365234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.06280568242073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diseases6020049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/6/2/49/pdf?version=1528469890","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736521255","display_name":"Diseases","issn_l":"2079-9721","issn":["2079-9721"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4979228","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6023369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29890712","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29890712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6023369","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6023369/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diseases","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.lstmed.ac.uk:8768","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/8768/1/diseases-06-00049.pdf","pdf_url":"https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/8768/1/diseases-06-00049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400185","display_name":"LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I194839184","host_organization_name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194839184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0dcca4d2a89e4216a2feb127f8305b6e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0dcca4d2a89e4216a2feb127f8305b6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Diseases, Vol 6, Iss 2, p 49 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:9e326ba1-aad8-474e-9bf6-04d796f58e36","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e326ba1-aad8-474e-9bf6-04d796f58e36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diseases6020049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/6/2/49/pdf?version=1528469890","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736521255","display_name":"Diseases","issn_l":"2079-9721","issn":["2079-9721"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806468377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806468377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578721518","https://openalex.org/W1965279879","https://openalex.org/W1967193786","https://openalex.org/W1981820324","https://openalex.org/W1984927991","https://openalex.org/W1992985761","https://openalex.org/W2016853181","https://openalex.org/W2034846540","https://openalex.org/W2039651170","https://openalex.org/W2042909582","https://openalex.org/W2061089892","https://openalex.org/W2088580357","https://openalex.org/W2104843155","https://openalex.org/W2105575857","https://openalex.org/W2111190588","https://openalex.org/W2118621722","https://openalex.org/W2126922752","https://openalex.org/W2130163225","https://openalex.org/W2148992914","https://openalex.org/W2155164728","https://openalex.org/W2166676706","https://openalex.org/W2171609823","https://openalex.org/W2190585153","https://openalex.org/W2225178598","https://openalex.org/W2463179880","https://openalex.org/W2744467551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936828438","https://openalex.org/W3032861495","https://openalex.org/W2969469138","https://openalex.org/W2918548227","https://openalex.org/W2596686344","https://openalex.org/W2948569404","https://openalex.org/W2400977206","https://openalex.org/W2899162995","https://openalex.org/W4328128282","https://openalex.org/W4281608415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Antibiotic":[0],"self-medication":[1,38,45,107,144,198],"in":[2,46,53,57,166,173],"patients":[3,48,168],"with":[4,49,81,110,120,133,164,169],"respiratory":[5,50],"tract":[6,51],"infections":[7],"(RTI)":[8],"is":[9,171],"increasing":[10],"globally":[11],"and":[12,39,90,148,150,186],"has":[13],"been":[14],"reported":[15],"to":[16,23,30,44,77,84,117,131],"be":[17],"one":[18],"of":[19,36,92,105,123,142,176,179,182,188,196],"the":[20,34,41,153,177,189,193],"prime":[21],"contributors":[22],"antimicrobial":[24],"resistance":[25],"(AMR).":[26],"Our":[27],"study":[28,62],"aims":[29],"provide":[31],"data":[32,86],"on":[33,87,192],"prevalence":[35,104],"antibiotic":[37,93,106,143,197],"identify":[40],"factors":[42],"contributing":[43],"adult":[47,167],"infection":[52],"an":[54],"urban":[55],"setting":[56],"Cameroon.":[58,70,174],"This":[59],"was":[60,75,96,112,145],"cross-sectional":[61],"carried":[63],"out":[64],"at":[65,98],"Mboppi":[66],"Baptist":[67],"Hospital,":[68],"Douala,":[69],"A":[71],"validated":[72],"structured":[73],"questionnaire":[74],"administered":[76],"308":[78],"consenting":[79],"participants":[80],"diagnosed":[82],"RTIs,":[83],"collect":[85],"socio-demographic":[88],"characteristics":[89],"history":[91,122],"self-medication.":[94],"Significance":[95],"set":[97],"a":[99,121],"p-value":[100],"<":[101],"0.05.":[102],"The":[103,138],"amongst":[108],"individuals":[109],"RTIs":[111,170],"41.9%":[113],"(95%":[114],"CI":[115],"36.5%":[116],"47.5%).":[118],"Patients":[119],"pulmonary":[124],"tuberculosis":[125],"(TB)":[126],"were":[127,152],"significantly":[128],"less":[129],"likely":[130],"self-medicate":[132],"antibiotics":[134,157,165],"(p-value":[135],"=":[136],"0.043).":[137],"most":[139,154],"common":[140,172],"source":[141],"pharmacies":[146],"(62%)":[147],"Cotrimoxazole":[149],"Amoxicillin":[151],"commonly":[155],"used":[156],"(38.8%":[158],"(50),":[159],"26.4%":[160],"(34),":[161],"respectively).":[162],"Self-medication":[163],"Control":[175],"use":[178],"antibiotics,":[180],"organisation":[181],"medication":[183],"stewardship":[184],"programs,":[185],"education":[187],"general":[190],"population":[191],"adverse":[194],"consequences":[195],"are":[199],"required.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}