{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806453371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","title":"Determination and Assessment of Optimum Internal Thermal Insulation for Masonry Walls in Historic Multifamily Buildings","display_name":"Determination and Assessment of Optimum Internal Thermal Insulation for Masonry Walls in Historic Multifamily Buildings","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806453371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","mag":"2806453371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66250914","display_name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering","issn_l":"1076-0431","issn":["1076-0431","1943-5568"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471946","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003436260","display_name":"Amir Amirzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Amirzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Student, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 (corresponding author). ORCID: ","Ph.D. Student, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7272"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Student, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 (corresponding author). ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Student, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7272","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089928476","display_name":"Richard K. Strand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard K. Strand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071985884","display_name":"Ralph E. Hammann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph E. Hammann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024106297","display_name":"Mahabir S. Bhandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-9876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-9876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahabir S. Bhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Staff, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building Technologies Research & Integration Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37831"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Staff, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building Technologies Research & Integration Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003436260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81157716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.8964999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.8964999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.09319999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12105","display_name":"Hygrothermal properties of building materials","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-thermal-insulation","display_name":"internal thermal insulation","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masonry-walls","display_name":"masonry walls","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-bearing-walls","display_name":"load-bearing walls","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-performance","display_name":"energy performance","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payback-period","display_name":"payback period","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulation-material-selection","display_name":"insulation material selection","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac-load","display_name":"HVAC load","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"thermal comfort","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-air-quality","display_name":"indoor air quality","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage-preservation","display_name":"cultural heritage preservation","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535899295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272999","display_name":"Masonry","level":2,"score":0.6422159671783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64839514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918306","display_name":"Thermal insulation","level":3,"score":0.6021189093589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.5811976790428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.5539846420288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5511958003044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5227479934692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.4825586676597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.4813600182533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24662","display_name":"Retrofitting","level":2,"score":0.4552759528160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3227214813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.24978238344192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.240647554397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13752952218055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66250914","display_name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering","issn_l":"1076-0431","issn":["1076-0431","1943-5568"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Architectural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1471946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1471946","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1471946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1471946","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806453371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806453371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616735603","https://openalex.org/W1974511291","https://openalex.org/W1995876846","https://openalex.org/W2008291468","https://openalex.org/W2041198753","https://openalex.org/W2041402784","https://openalex.org/W2128213588","https://openalex.org/W2145905666","https://openalex.org/W2163897642","https://openalex.org/W3107875467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184035871","https://openalex.org/W7153678364","https://openalex.org/W7154743032","https://openalex.org/W4412447211","https://openalex.org/W3000453004","https://openalex.org/W3040241993","https://openalex.org/W2998399144","https://openalex.org/W2019428608","https://openalex.org/W4406852629","https://openalex.org/W4231249354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large":[1],"portion":[2],"of":[3,9,31,48,55,85,122,132,184,202],"existing":[4],"building":[5],"stock":[6],"is":[7,125,212],"comprised":[8],"load-bearing":[10,143],"masonry":[11,142],"buildings,":[12],"particularly":[13],"in":[14,89,145,181,235],"the":[15,19,28,49,130,159,182,200,203,232],"Midwest":[16],"and":[17,52,61,65,97,105,115,128,138,153,162,176,197,216,219,223,226],"on":[18,140],"East":[20],"Coast,":[21],"though":[22],"such":[23],"buildings":[24,44,147],"are":[25,45,179],"distributed":[26],"across":[27],"US.":[29],"Most":[30],"them":[32],"have":[33],"uninsulated":[34],"walls":[35,144],"or":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38,230],"insufficient":[39],"thermal":[40,116,135],"insulation":[41,76,86,136,169,186,205],"materials.":[42],"These":[43],"inseparable":[46],"parts":[47],"cultural,":[50],"social,":[51],"economic":[53],"characteristics":[54],"their":[56],"cities.":[57],"Due":[58],"to":[59,126,150],"heritage":[60],"preservation":[62,224],"concerns,":[63],"zoning,":[64],"space":[66,195],"restrictions,":[67],"they":[68],"cannot":[69],"be":[70,79],"retrofitted":[71],"with":[72,148,166],"exterior":[73],"insulation.":[74],"Interior":[75],"must":[77],"therefore":[78],"considered":[80],"as":[81,92,94],"an":[82,167],"alternative.":[83],"Lack":[84],"directly":[87],"results":[88,233],"energy":[90,160],"waste":[91],"well":[93],"heat":[95],"loss":[96],"gain.":[98],"Furthermore,":[99],"it":[100],"adversely":[101],"affects":[102],"heating,":[103],"ventilation,":[104],"air":[106,113],"conditioning":[107],"(HVAC)":[108],"loads,":[109],"equipment":[110],"sizing,":[111],"indoor":[112],"quality,":[114],"comfort":[117],"for":[118,199,209],"residents.":[119],"The":[120,207],"objective":[121],"this":[123,210,236],"study":[124],"simulate":[127],"evaluate":[129],"effects":[131],"various":[133,151],"internal":[134,194],"materials":[137],"strategies":[139],"mass":[141],"multifamily":[146],"attention":[149],"variables":[152,175],"parameters.":[154],"It":[155],"not":[156],"only":[157],"addresses":[158],"performance":[161],"cost":[163],"savings":[164],"associated":[165],"interior":[168,204],"retrofit,":[170],"but":[171],"also":[172],"outlines":[173],"other":[174],"parameters":[177],"that":[178],"factors":[180],"selection":[183],"optimum":[185],"material,":[187],"including":[188],"installations":[189],"costs,":[190],"payback":[191],"periods,":[192],"useful":[193],"loss,":[196],"options":[198],"depth":[201],"retrofit.":[206],"audience":[208],"paper":[211],"diverse:":[213],"homeowners,":[214],"contractors":[215],"remodelers,":[217],"architects":[218],"designers,":[220],"engineers,":[221],"housing":[222],"authorities,":[225],"more":[227],"can":[228],"benefit":[229],"understanding":[231],"outlined":[234],"study.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}
