{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806392126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","title":"Correcting a Longstanding Misconception about Social Roles and Personality: A Case Study in the Psychology of Science","display_name":"Correcting a Longstanding Misconception about Social Roles and Personality: A Case Study in the Psychology of Science","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806392126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","mag":"2806392126","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867009","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6027236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs8060057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/8/6/57/pdf?version=1528099104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/8/6/57/pdf?version=1528099104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043446255","display_name":"John Anthony Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-2133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-2133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John A. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-2133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043446255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0683274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"57","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11888","display_name":"Gender Roles and Identity Studies","score":0.24330000579357147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.08799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-personality","display_name":"sex differences in personality","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-stability","display_name":"personality stability","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fels-longitudinal-study","display_name":"Fels Longitudinal Study","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning-theory","display_name":"social learning theory","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-constructivism","display_name":"social constructivism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-socialization","display_name":"gender socialization","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-determinism","display_name":"biological determinism","score":0.4410000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.7509236335754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6812146306037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133281099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783023","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","level":4,"score":0.6331560015678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92936396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135710","display_name":"Social constructivism","level":2,"score":0.5431955456733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69897798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3520110","display_name":"Personality development","level":3,"score":0.5258094668388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4729083478450775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910757159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271716","display_name":"Personality theory","level":3,"score":0.44055598974227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.43087124824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.37848377227783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19910871982574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.14873823523521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10759466886520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.09167718887329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs8060057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/8/6/57/pdf?version=1528099104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4989147","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6027236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6027236","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6027236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behav Sci (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29867009","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25a1f02fb15e4da78a94374301e6f49d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25a1f02fb15e4da78a94374301e6f49d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 57 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs8060057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8060057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/8/6/57/pdf?version=1528099104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806392126.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806392126.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162480413","https://openalex.org/W591016296","https://openalex.org/W601752935","https://openalex.org/W1409119814","https://openalex.org/W1498456713","https://openalex.org/W1537210379","https://openalex.org/W1686911239","https://openalex.org/W1969486542","https://openalex.org/W1972463722","https://openalex.org/W1977202037","https://openalex.org/W1978421803","https://openalex.org/W1979056042","https://openalex.org/W1981402013","https://openalex.org/W1985202920","https://openalex.org/W1986137293","https://openalex.org/W1987973485","https://openalex.org/W1988019156","https://openalex.org/W1993417030","https://openalex.org/W1995632010","https://openalex.org/W1998193015","https://openalex.org/W2002816154","https://openalex.org/W2003165082","https://openalex.org/W2006471927","https://openalex.org/W2021709288","https://openalex.org/W2025302749","https://openalex.org/W2031207146","https://openalex.org/W2033916656","https://openalex.org/W2035480180","https://openalex.org/W2035725573","https://openalex.org/W2035797588","https://openalex.org/W2043580578","https://openalex.org/W2060999123","https://openalex.org/W2063099148","https://openalex.org/W2071120710","https://openalex.org/W2071589850","https://openalex.org/W2073159866","https://openalex.org/W2077760400","https://openalex.org/W2088031995","https://openalex.org/W2100212117","https://openalex.org/W2110181077","https://openalex.org/W2119495898","https://openalex.org/W2132667009","https://openalex.org/W2149893809","https://openalex.org/W2477762362","https://openalex.org/W2791929563","https://openalex.org/W2903274298","https://openalex.org/W3207468059","https://openalex.org/W3214860441","https://openalex.org/W4231003820","https://openalex.org/W4235551725","https://openalex.org/W4247813800","https://openalex.org/W4254129346","https://openalex.org/W4297832221","https://openalex.org/W4302076777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184414884","https://openalex.org/W2002816154","https://openalex.org/W4251249046","https://openalex.org/W4249991229","https://openalex.org/W3108530455","https://openalex.org/W2088485905","https://openalex.org/W2085872585","https://openalex.org/W3153894003","https://openalex.org/W1994095923","https://openalex.org/W4242317362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Psychologists":[0],"often":[1],"argue":[2],"that":[3,17,43,84,145,167],"sex":[4,25,71,85],"roles":[5],"direct":[6],"different":[7],"types":[8],"of":[9,33,70,104,113,121],"socializing":[10],"behaviors":[11],"toward":[12],"males":[13,61],"and":[14,16,45,56,58,117,137,140],"females":[15,54],"this":[18,34,125],"differential":[19],"treatment,":[20],"in":[21,27,31,73,95,160,165],"turn,":[22],"leads":[23],"to":[24,51,110],"differences":[26,72],"personality.":[28],"Widely":[29],"cited":[30,76],"support":[32],"thesis":[35],"has":[36],"been":[37],"the":[38,68,82,100,105,111,114,119,163],"Fels":[39,78,115],"longitudinal":[40],"study":[41],"finding":[42],"dependency":[44],"passivity":[46],"are":[47,148],"stable":[48],"from":[49],"childhood":[50],"adulthood":[52],"for":[53,60,127],"only":[55,150],"aggressiveness":[57],"sexuality":[59],"only.":[62],"The":[63,91,129],"present":[64],"article":[65,130],"explains":[66],"why":[67,143],"type":[69],"personality":[74,138],"stability":[75,139],"by":[77,132,141],"researchers":[79],"actually":[80],"contradicts":[81],"view":[83],"role":[86],"expectations":[87],"cause":[88],"these":[89],"differences.":[90],"report":[92],"suggests":[93],"ways":[94],"which":[96],"social":[97,122,154],"learning":[98],"theory,":[99],"dominant":[101],"developmental":[102],"paradigm":[103],"1960s,":[106],"may":[107],"have":[108],"contributed":[109],"misinterpretation":[112,126],"data":[116],"how":[118],"rise":[120],"constructivism":[123,155],"maintained":[124],"decades.":[128],"concludes":[131],"correcting":[133],"misconceptions":[134],"about":[135,162],"biology":[136,147],"explaining":[142],"theories":[144],"incorporate":[146],"not":[149],"more":[151,158],"adequate":[152],"than":[153],"but":[156],"also":[157],"effective":[159],"bringing":[161],"changes":[164],"society":[166],"constructivists":[168],"desire.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}