{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806172862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","title":"Immunotherapy of Primary Brain Tumors: Facts and Hopes","display_name":"Immunotherapy of Primary Brain Tumors: Facts and Hopes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806172862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","mag":"2806172862","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29871908","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6214775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183149254","display_name":"Clinical Cancer Research","issn_l":"1078-0432","issn":["1078-0432","1557-3265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320273","host_organization_name":"American Association for Cancer Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Cancer Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Cancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6214775","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047947631","display_name":"Robin Arthur Buerki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-4020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-4020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin A. Buerki","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085277907","display_name":"Zinal S. Chheda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-5944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-5944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zinal S. Chheda","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058793243","display_name":"Hideho Okada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-9920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-9920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109986","display_name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy","ror":"https://ror.org/0184qbg02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109986"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hideho Okada","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California","2The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California","3Cancer Immunotherapy Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Cancer Immunotherapy Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058793243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4210109986"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80990991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"21","first_page":"5198","last_page":"5205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6840999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6840999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.3140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"glioblastoma","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-blockade","display_name":"immune checkpoint blockade","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-immune-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor immune microenvironment","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-antigen-heterogeneity","display_name":"tumor antigen heterogeneity","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-mutational-burden","display_name":"tumor mutational burden","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-infiltrating-t-cells","display_name":"tumor-infiltrating T cells","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-tumors","display_name":"cold tumors","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncolytic-viruses","display_name":"oncolytic viruses","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoptive-t-cell-therapy","display_name":"adoptive T cell therapy","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-resistance","display_name":"immunotherapy resistance","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.8551011085510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82210918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560099","display_name":"Oncolytic virus","level":3,"score":0.8487650752067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6691554188728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.6145932674407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.5699437856674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.48724380135536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4502444267272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.38158002495765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17476031184196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074322","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000074322","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003131","descriptor_name":"Combined Modality Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016219","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy, Adoptive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050130","descriptor_name":"Oncolytic Virotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050504","descriptor_name":"Oncolytic Viruses","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056747","descriptor_name":"Immunomodulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183149254","display_name":"Clinical Cancer Research","issn_l":"1078-0432","issn":["1078-0432","1557-3265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320273","host_organization_name":"American Association for Cancer Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Cancer Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Cancer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29871908","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29871908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5785530","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6214775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6214775","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6214775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clin Cancer Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6t39x898","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6t39x898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Cancer Research, vol 24, iss 21","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5785530","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6214775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887898","display_name":"Preclinical development of breakthrough immunotherapy for brain tumors","funder_award_id":"R35NS105068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W795306870","https://openalex.org/W1509288539","https://openalex.org/W1567768016","https://openalex.org/W1607316259","https://openalex.org/W1787923008","https://openalex.org/W1788359419","https://openalex.org/W1815157104","https://openalex.org/W1828443506","https://openalex.org/W1887747927","https://openalex.org/W1913328895","https://openalex.org/W1918237073","https://openalex.org/W1955548161","https://openalex.org/W1960665172","https://openalex.org/W1973251492","https://openalex.org/W1981256215","https://openalex.org/W1983180112","https://openalex.org/W1994024307","https://openalex.org/W2004818773","https://openalex.org/W2012681969","https://openalex.org/W2019471464","https://openalex.org/W2035404015","https://openalex.org/W2036852706","https://openalex.org/W2044455841","https://openalex.org/W2048129953","https://openalex.org/W2069303197","https://openalex.org/W2072954179","https://openalex.org/W2074441508","https://openalex.org/W2074933858","https://openalex.org/W2077341018","https://openalex.org/W2090489579","https://openalex.org/W2093005409","https://openalex.org/W2097049582","https://openalex.org/W2111137187","https://openalex.org/W2115961668","https://openalex.org/W2116371946","https://openalex.org/W2144023881","https://openalex.org/W2148131374","https://openalex.org/W2149398709","https://openalex.org/W2151260513","https://openalex.org/W2152043562","https://openalex.org/W2152061559","https://openalex.org/W2153737934","https://openalex.org/W2158982109","https://openalex.org/W2161737261","https://openalex.org/W2220215167","https://openalex.org/W2267280007","https://openalex.org/W2269473200","https://openalex.org/W2303158491","https://openalex.org/W2317278505","https://openalex.org/W2322813068","https://openalex.org/W2325549616","https://openalex.org/W2343819130","https://openalex.org/W2418524314","https://openalex.org/W2482589824","https://openalex.org/W2508076331","https://openalex.org/W2508310112","https://openalex.org/W2560005855","https://openalex.org/W2567424265","https://openalex.org/W2588572760","https://openalex.org/W2590596176","https://openalex.org/W2596261790","https://openalex.org/W2600281432","https://openalex.org/W2604138179","https://openalex.org/W2606895299","https://openalex.org/W2608700009","https://openalex.org/W2609245279","https://openalex.org/W2609349205","https://openalex.org/W2611222875","https://openalex.org/W2615603032","https://openalex.org/W2622931261","https://openalex.org/W2624275086","https://openalex.org/W2627165413","https://openalex.org/W2643663241","https://openalex.org/W2696173201","https://openalex.org/W2728127642","https://openalex.org/W2736730675","https://openalex.org/W2738111927","https://openalex.org/W2738678436","https://openalex.org/W2747774814","https://openalex.org/W2753432434","https://openalex.org/W2758434268","https://openalex.org/W2763751953","https://openalex.org/W2767198352","https://openalex.org/W2773406691","https://openalex.org/W2778033786","https://openalex.org/W2787114397","https://openalex.org/W2787278337","https://openalex.org/W2788008397","https://openalex.org/W2790865199","https://openalex.org/W2791477629","https://openalex.org/W2791660181","https://openalex.org/W2792588868","https://openalex.org/W2796310541","https://openalex.org/W2890815045","https://openalex.org/W2951880440","https://openalex.org/W2980963406","https://openalex.org/W4240019294","https://openalex.org/W4253791068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199758129","https://openalex.org/W3108929044","https://openalex.org/W2405488873","https://openalex.org/W4283513203","https://openalex.org/W4401946297","https://openalex.org/W2603600149","https://openalex.org/W3185517073","https://openalex.org/W4402676622","https://openalex.org/W2590574936","https://openalex.org/W3000973482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"field":[2],"of":[3,20,62,91,115],"cancer":[4,12,37],"immunotherapy":[5,95,102],"has":[6],"made":[7],"exciting":[8],"progress":[9],"for":[10,35],"some":[11],"types":[13],"in":[14,27,79],"recent":[15,18,68],"years.":[16],"However,":[17],"failures":[19],"late-phase":[21],"clinical":[22],"trials":[23],"evaluating":[24],"checkpoint":[25,74],"blockade":[26],"patients":[28],"with":[29,81],"glioblastoma":[30],"(GBM)":[31],"represent":[32],"continued":[33],"challenges":[34],"brain":[36],"immunotherapy.":[38],"This":[39],"is":[40],"likely":[41],"due":[42],"to":[43,50,93],"multiple":[44],"factors":[45],"including":[46,117],"but":[47],"not":[48],"limited":[49],"marked":[51],"genetic":[52],"and":[53,60,69,84,109,120],"antigenic":[54],"heterogeneity,":[55],"relatively":[56],"low":[57],"mutational":[58],"loads,":[59],"paucity":[61],"GBM-infiltrating":[63],"T":[64],"cells.":[65],"We":[66,97],"review":[67],"ongoing":[70],"studies":[71],"targeting":[72],"the":[73,86,89,111],"molecules":[75],"as":[76],"monotherapy":[77],"or":[78],"combination":[80],"other":[82,100],"modalities,":[83],"discuss":[85,99],"mechanisms":[87],"underlying":[88],"unresponsiveness":[90],"GBM":[92],"single-modality":[94],"approaches.":[96],"also":[98],"novel":[101],"approaches":[103],"that":[104],"may":[105],"promote":[106],"T-cell":[107,122],"responses":[108],"overcome":[110],"\u201ccold":[112],"tumor\u201d":[113],"status":[114],"GBM,":[116],"oncolytic":[118],"viruses":[119],"adoptive":[121],"therapy.":[123],"Clin":[124],"Cancer":[125],"Res;":[126],"24(21);":[127],"5198\u2013205.":[128],"\u00a92018":[129],"AACR.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}
