{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806084587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","title":"Estimating the real-world effects of expanding antiretroviral treatment eligibility: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis in Zambia","display_name":"Estimating the real-world effects of expanding antiretroviral treatment eligibility: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis in Zambia","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806084587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","mag":"2806084587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29870531","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5988277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","pdf_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574/1/pmed.1002574.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210223%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210223T051559Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197939330","display_name":"PLoS Medicine","issn_l":"1549-1277","issn":["1549-1277","1549-1676"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574/1/pmed.1002574.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210223%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210223T051559Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053891660","display_name":"Aaloke Mody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-365X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-365X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaloke Mody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-365X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034685679","display_name":"Izukanji T Sikazwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-2607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-2607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izukanji Sikazwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029759775","display_name":"Nancy L. Czaicki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US","ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy L. Czaicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002827077","display_name":"Mwanza wa Mwanza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mwanza Wa Mwanza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023913968","display_name":"Theodora Savory","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5401-4990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5401-4990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodora Savory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058034345","display_name":"Kombatende Sikombe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-8661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-8661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kombatende Sikombe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020029379","display_name":"Laura K. Beres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-7828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-7828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura K. Beres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-7828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038920102","display_name":"Paul Somwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4854-0180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4854-0180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Somwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002659517","display_name":"Monika Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-8230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-8230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048189489","display_name":"Jake M. Pry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-4420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-4420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US","ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake M. Pry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","Department of Public Health, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041866261","display_name":"NANCY S. PADIAN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-2287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-2287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Padian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067414398","display_name":"Carolyn Bolton\u2010Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-7746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-7746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294560359","display_name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/02vsy6m37","country_code":"ZM","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US","ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn Bolton-Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-7746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294560359"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086465511","display_name":"Charles B. Holmes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-6761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-6761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles B. Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-6761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038159516","display_name":"Elvin Hsing Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-1424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-1424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elvin H. Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-1424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053891660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":{"value":6460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6460},"apc_paid":{"value":6460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6460},"fwci":2.8338,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90494243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"e1002574","last_page":"e1002574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-threshold","display_name":"CD4 threshold","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy-initiation","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy initiation","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retention-in-care","display_name":"retention in care","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-guidelines","display_name":"treatment guidelines","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-naive-patients","display_name":"antiretroviral-naive patients","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding-out","display_name":"crowding out","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zambia","display_name":"Zambia","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7886660099029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.6007779240608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66912227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138712","display_name":"Regression discontinuity design","level":2,"score":0.5132372379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.46590644121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3401884436607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22789883613586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015024","descriptor_name":"Zambia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044966","descriptor_name":"Anti-Retroviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","pdf_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574/1/pmed.1002574.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210223%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210223T051559Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197939330","display_name":"PLoS Medicine","issn_l":"1549-1277","issn":["1549-1277","1549-1676"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4954277","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5988277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5988277","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5988277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29870531","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29870531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4652160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/lsh1805319.html>;","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26230acbb7ed4b81add88f3a000df1ea","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26230acbb7ed4b81add88f3a000df1ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Medicine, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e1002574 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6446588","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Estimating_the_real-world_effects_of_expanding_antiretroviral_treatment_eligibility_Evidence_from_a_regression_discontinuity_analysis_in_Zambia/6446588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574","pdf_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574/1/pmed.1002574.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210223%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210223T051559Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197939330","display_name":"PLoS Medicine","issn_l":"1549-1277","issn":["1549-1277","1549-1676"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3036604076","display_name":"Patterns and Factors Influencing Return to Care among HIV Patients in Zambia","funder_award_id":"F31MH109378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6401713045","display_name":"CIDRZ - to improve retention across the cascade to care by understanding drivers of loss to follow up in Zambia","funder_award_id":"OPP1105071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000856293","display_name":"MENTORING MULTIDISCIPLINARY PATIENT-ORIENTED RESEARCH IN ENGAGEMENT IN HIV CARE","funder_award_id":"K24AI134413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000868588","display_name":"Training in HIV Translational Research","funder_award_id":"T32AI060530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000898549","display_name":"UCSF-Bay Area Center for AIDS Research","funder_award_id":"P30AI027763","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806084587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806084587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967126310","https://openalex.org/W1968518701","https://openalex.org/W1989279315","https://openalex.org/W1998304987","https://openalex.org/W1999199403","https://openalex.org/W2002040827","https://openalex.org/W2036408211","https://openalex.org/W2039836366","https://openalex.org/W2091660084","https://openalex.org/W2112669742","https://openalex.org/W2113828600","https://openalex.org/W2114242548","https://openalex.org/W2123055262","https://openalex.org/W2145411167","https://openalex.org/W2146050890","https://openalex.org/W2147592443","https://openalex.org/W2148014099","https://openalex.org/W2151352067","https://openalex.org/W2152505869","https://openalex.org/W2233618438","https://openalex.org/W2238552371","https://openalex.org/W2317989311","https://openalex.org/W2330290021","https://openalex.org/W2363480212","https://openalex.org/W2403671454","https://openalex.org/W2470364227","https://openalex.org/W2485004161","https://openalex.org/W2528862740","https://openalex.org/W2538102404","https://openalex.org/W2538221970","https://openalex.org/W2551459315","https://openalex.org/W2559425992","https://openalex.org/W2567523174","https://openalex.org/W2600361628","https://openalex.org/W2600481469","https://openalex.org/W2606992833","https://openalex.org/W2612582782","https://openalex.org/W2626252181","https://openalex.org/W2740060821","https://openalex.org/W2768189035","https://openalex.org/W2768529013","https://openalex.org/W2889943483","https://openalex.org/W3014001635","https://openalex.org/W3024331460","https://openalex.org/W3123419079","https://openalex.org/W4302371778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768189035","https://openalex.org/W3206551403","https://openalex.org/W2790875547","https://openalex.org/W6928917868","https://openalex.org/W6940222975","https://openalex.org/W3127252465","https://openalex.org/W2830467973","https://openalex.org/W2626252181","https://openalex.org/W2950321275","https://openalex.org/W2903029065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Although":[1],"randomized":[2],"trials":[3],"have":[4,25,395],"established":[5],"the":[6,21,57,69,113,121,141,153,195,259,305,322,368,402,433,468,481,523,547],"clinical":[7],"efficacy":[8],"of":[9,59,82,108,116,197,209,231,261,266,345,370,435,498,507,510,536],"treating":[10],"all":[11,88,246,317],"persons":[12],"living":[13],"with":[14,334,401,559,579,602],"HIV":[15,65,103,148,293,524,528],"(PLWHs),":[16],"expanding":[17,321,611],"treatment":[18,66,72,149,157,201,326,551,612],"eligibility":[19,73,202,537],"in":[20,31,102,105,127,136,184,200,212,240,245,292,312,339,354,367,391,404,409,420,432,444,457,462,478,493,495,522,563,589],"real":[22],"world":[23],"may":[24],"additional":[26],"behavioral":[27],"effects":[28,58,81,196,388],"(e.g.,":[29,38,513,527],"changes":[30],"retention)":[32],"or":[33,460,539],"lead":[34],"to":[35,44,55,63,76,79,86,133,146,160,167,193,257,307,329,480,485,517,554],"unintended":[36],"consequences":[37],"crowding":[39],"out":[40],"sicker":[41],"patients":[42,275,303,371,392,436,463,578],"owing":[43],"increased":[45],"patient":[46],"volume).":[47],"Using":[48],"a":[49,60,106,137,189,229,335,350,363,406,429,486,560],"regression":[50,190],"discontinuity":[51,191],"design,":[52],"we":[53],"sought":[54],"assess":[56],"previous":[61],"change":[62,145,199,269,403,483],"Zambia's":[64],"guidelines":[67,150,545],"increasing":[68],"threshold":[70,155,306,324,549],"for":[71,123,156,309,325,399,519,534,550],"from":[74,158,177,327,552],"350":[75,159,328,553],"500":[77,161,330,555,608],"cells/\u03bcL":[78,162,287,331,556],"anticipate":[80],"current":[83],"global":[84],"efforts":[85],"treat":[87],"PLWHs.":[89],"METHODS":[90],"AND":[91],"FINDINGS:":[92],"We":[93,187,249,452],"analyzed":[94,300],"antiretroviral":[95],"therapy":[96],"(ART)-na\u00efve":[97],"adults":[98],"who":[99,372,393],"newly":[100,290,318,397,572],"enrolled":[101,291],"care":[104,213,241,294,445,525,616],"network":[107],"64":[109],"clinics":[110],"operated":[111],"by":[112,120,235,375,412,467,610],"Zambian":[114,147],"Ministry":[115],"Health":[117],"and":[118,172,223,228,238,362,378,428,442,530,532,591],"supported":[119],"Centre":[122],"Infectious":[124],"Disease":[125],"Research":[126],"Zambia":[128,590],"(CIDRZ).":[129],"Patients":[130],"were":[131,175,299,379,389,557],"restricted":[132],"those":[134,601],"enrolling":[135,319],"narrow":[138],"window":[139],"around":[140,304],"April":[142],"1,":[143,165,169],"2014":[144],"that":[151,475,586],"raised":[152],"CD4":[154,285,323,548,581,604],"(i.e.,":[163,606],"August":[164],"2013,":[166],"November":[168],"2014).":[170],"Clinical":[171],"sociodemographic":[173],"data":[174,512,584],"obtained":[176],"an":[178,252],"electronic":[179],"medical":[180],"record":[181],"system":[182],"used":[183,188],"routine":[185],"care.":[186,496],"design":[192],"estimate":[194],"this":[198,267,296,499,543],"on":[203,270,437],"ART":[204,233,264,340,374,400,410,438,458,477,564],"initiation":[205,234,341,411,459,565],"within":[206,342],"3":[207,222,236,343,376,413,440],"months":[208,216,225,237,244,344,358,377,383,414,424,441,448],"enrollment,":[210],"retention":[211,239,355,421,461,494,570],"at":[214,242,356,381,422,439,446],"6":[215,243,357,447],"(defined":[217],"as":[218,566,568],"clinic":[219],"attendance":[220],"between":[221],"9":[224],"after":[226,301],"enrollment),":[227],"composite":[230],"both":[232],"new":[247],"enrollees.":[248],"also":[250],"performed":[251],"instrumental":[253],"variable":[254],"(IV)":[255],"analysis":[256,473],"quantify":[258],"effect":[260],"actually":[262],"initiating":[263,476],"because":[265],"guideline":[268,314,469,482],"retention.":[271],"Overall,":[272],"34,857":[273],"ART-na\u00efve":[274],"(39.1%":[276],"male,":[277],"median":[278,284],"age":[279],"34":[280],"years":[281],"[IQR":[282,288],"28-41],":[283],"268":[286],"134-430])":[289],"during":[295],"period;":[297],"23,036":[298],"excluding":[302],"allow":[308],"clinic-to-clinic":[310],"variations":[311],"actual":[313],"uptake.":[315],"In":[316,542],"patients,":[320,574],"was":[332],"associated":[333,558],"13.6%":[336,418],"absolute":[337,352,365,491],"increase":[338,353,366,408,419,431,492],"enrollment":[346],"(95%":[347,359,384,415,425,488],"CI,":[348,360,385,416,426,450,489],"11.1%-16.2%),":[349],"4.1%":[351],"1.6%-6.7%),":[361],"10.8%":[364],"percentage":[369,434],"initiated":[373],"retained":[380],"six":[382,423],"8.1%-13.5%).":[386],"These":[387,583],"greatest":[390],"would":[394],"become":[396],"eligible":[398],"guidelines:":[405],"43.7%":[407],"37.5%-49.9%),":[417],"7.3%-20.0%),":[427],"35.5%":[430],"still":[443],"[95%":[449],"29.2%-41.9%).":[451],"did":[453],"not":[454,464],"observe":[455],"decreases":[456],"directly":[465],"targeted":[466],"change.":[470],"An":[471],"IV":[472],"found":[474],"response":[479],"led":[484],"37.9%":[487],"28.8%-46.9%)":[490],"Limitations":[497],"study":[500],"include":[501],"uncertain":[502],"generalizability":[503],"under":[504],"newer":[505],"models":[506],"care,":[508],"lack":[509],"laboratory":[511],"viral":[514],"load),":[515],"inability":[516],"account":[518],"earlier":[520],"stages":[521],"cascade":[526],"testing":[529],"linkage),":[531],"potential":[533],"misclassification":[535],"status":[538],"outcome.":[540],"CONCLUSIONS:":[541],"study,":[544],"raising":[546],"rapid":[561],"rise":[562],"well":[567],"enhanced":[569],"among":[571,600],"treatment-eligible":[573],"without":[575,613],"negatively":[576],"impacting":[577],"lower":[580],"levels.":[582],"suggest":[585],"health":[587],"systems":[588],"other":[592],"high-prevalence":[593],"settings":[594],"could":[595],"substantially":[596],"enhance":[597],"engagement":[598],"even":[599],"high":[603],"levels":[605],"above":[607],"cells/\u03bcL)":[609],"undermining":[614],"existing":[615],"standards.":[617]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}
