{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805890045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","title":"Simultaneous cancer and tumor microenvironment subtyping using confocal infrared microscopy for all-digital molecular histopathology","display_name":"Simultaneous cancer and tumor microenvironment subtyping using confocal infrared microscopy for all-digital molecular histopathology","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805890045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","mag":"2805890045","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29866827","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6016804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1719551115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104705970","display_name":"Shachi Mittal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-3411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-3411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shachi Mittal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065087660","display_name":"Kevin L. Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-7483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-7483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108389871","display_name":"L. Suzanne Leslie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Suzanne Leslie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067774423","display_name":"Seth Kenkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-9266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-9266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Kenkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112395040","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Kajdacsy-Balla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Kajdacsy-Balla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023245938","display_name":"Rohit Bhargava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-994X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-994X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270447","display_name":"Cancer Center at Illinois","ror":"https://ror.org/00q345270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270447"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Bhargava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405270447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023245938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405270447"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":134,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98732302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":"25","first_page":"E5651","last_page":"E5660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-subtyping","display_name":"breast cancer subtyping","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cascade-laser","display_name":"quantum cascade lasers","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"digital pathology","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-classification","display_name":"machine learning classification","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-tissue","display_name":"breast tissue","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83852419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713292","display_name":"Subtyping","level":2,"score":0.9042904376983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.7938757538795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5261352062225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.48338690400123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.45194342732429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.4499262571334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987860518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Infrared microscopy","level":3,"score":0.4309886395931244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28611278533935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2622050642967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17665299773216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.064238041639328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001940","descriptor_name":"Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017550","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018613","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Confocal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054023","descriptor_name":"Lasers, Semiconductor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059016","descriptor_name":"Tumor Microenvironment","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1719551115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4968401","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6016804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6016804","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6016804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29866827","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29866827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1719551115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719551115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000860699","display_name":"Discrete Frequency Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Breast Histopathology","funder_award_id":"R01EB009745","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000916139","display_name":"Tissue microenvironment (TIMe) training program","funder_award_id":"T32EB019944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100604289","https://openalex.org/W1607320995","https://openalex.org/W1970861257","https://openalex.org/W1976648974","https://openalex.org/W1977946558","https://openalex.org/W1984472767","https://openalex.org/W1986042279","https://openalex.org/W1987389391","https://openalex.org/W1987955706","https://openalex.org/W1989360915","https://openalex.org/W1989773587","https://openalex.org/W1989931540","https://openalex.org/W1993645975","https://openalex.org/W2001058351","https://openalex.org/W2002769882","https://openalex.org/W2009181584","https://openalex.org/W2011055829","https://openalex.org/W2017148126","https://openalex.org/W2024971501","https://openalex.org/W2032972527","https://openalex.org/W2035244841","https://openalex.org/W2037540104","https://openalex.org/W2055644700","https://openalex.org/W2060719207","https://openalex.org/W2067389447","https://openalex.org/W2083062845","https://openalex.org/W2088762162","https://openalex.org/W2090086153","https://openalex.org/W2092806663","https://openalex.org/W2095245439","https://openalex.org/W2110243528","https://openalex.org/W2110618923","https://openalex.org/W2116509227","https://openalex.org/W2119106121","https://openalex.org/W2125231536","https://openalex.org/W2126882378","https://openalex.org/W2129285756","https://openalex.org/W2148309496","https://openalex.org/W2149191775","https://openalex.org/W2154453972","https://openalex.org/W2164338148","https://openalex.org/W2168631000","https://openalex.org/W2222744863","https://openalex.org/W2226260391","https://openalex.org/W2227496933","https://openalex.org/W2276025746","https://openalex.org/W2279023710","https://openalex.org/W2281888594","https://openalex.org/W2282336529","https://openalex.org/W2303192421","https://openalex.org/W2468061200","https://openalex.org/W2520423273","https://openalex.org/W2555701248","https://openalex.org/W2568027424","https://openalex.org/W2587305359","https://openalex.org/W2717203470","https://openalex.org/W2916083703","https://openalex.org/W4213168521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165347167","https://openalex.org/W2124775736","https://openalex.org/W2717203470","https://openalex.org/W2310054249","https://openalex.org/W2006651034","https://openalex.org/W2222744863","https://openalex.org/W4230610744","https://openalex.org/W1989538471","https://openalex.org/W1984640808","https://openalex.org/W4300688353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Histopathology":[0],"based":[1],"on":[2],"spatial":[3,133],"patterns":[4],"of":[5,48,166,184,191,210],"epithelial":[6,49,71],"cells":[7,50],"is":[8,27],"the":[9,24,95,107,222],"gold":[10],"standard":[11],"for":[12,101,110,168,224],"clinical":[13,114],"diagnoses":[14],"and":[15,34,104,135,156,181],"research":[16,112],"in":[17,122,200,216,228,236],"carcinomas;":[18],"although":[19],"known":[20],"to":[21,32,68,129],"be":[22],"important,":[23],"tissue":[25,195],"microenvironment":[26],"not":[28],"readily":[29],"used":[30],"due":[31],"complex":[33],"subjective":[35],"interpretation":[36],"with":[37,62,91,173],"existing":[38],"tools.":[39],"Here,":[40],"we":[41,73,117],"demonstrate":[42,178],"accurate":[43,189],"subtyping":[44],"from":[45],"molecular":[46,239],"properties":[47],"using":[51,139],"emerging":[52],"high-definition":[53],"Fourier":[54],"transform":[55],"infrared":[56],"(HD":[57],"FT-IR)":[58],"spectroscopic":[59],"imaging":[60,85,175],"combined":[61],"machine":[63],"learning":[64],"algorithms.":[65],"In":[66],"addition":[67],"detecting":[69],"four":[70],"subtypes,":[72],"simultaneously":[74,149],"delineate":[75],"three":[76],"stromal":[77],"subtypes":[78],"that":[79,197],"characterize":[80],"breast":[81,194,207],"tumors.":[82],"While":[83],"FT-IR":[84],"data":[86],"enable":[87],"fully":[88],"digital":[89],"pathology":[90],"rich":[92],"information":[93],"content,":[94],"long":[96],"spectral":[97,137,179],"scanning":[98,134],"times":[99],"required":[100],"signal":[102],"averaging":[103],"processing":[105],"make":[106],"technology":[108],"impractical":[109],"routine":[111],"or":[113],"use.":[115],"Hence,":[116],"developed":[118,186],"a":[119,140,163,192,201,211,233],"confocal":[120],"design":[121],"which":[123],"refractive":[124],"IR":[125],"optics":[126],"are":[127,214],"designed":[128],"provide":[130],"high-definition,":[131],"rapid":[132],"discrete":[136],"tuning":[138],"quantum":[141],"cascade":[142],"laser":[143],"(QCL)":[144],"source.":[145],"This":[146,219],"instrument":[147,187],"provides":[148],"high":[150,157],"resolving":[151],"power":[152],"(2-\u03bcm":[153],"pixel":[154],"size)":[155],"signal-to-noise":[158],"ratio":[159],"(SNR)":[160],"(>1,300),":[161],"providing":[162],"speed":[164],"increase":[165],"\u223c50-fold":[167],"obtaining":[169],"classified":[170],"results":[171],"compared":[172],"present":[174],"spectrometers.":[176],"We":[177],"fidelity":[180],"interinstrument":[182],"operability":[183],"our":[185],"by":[188],"analysis":[190],"100-case":[193],"set":[196],"was":[198],"analyzed":[199,215],"day,":[202],"considerably":[203],"speeding":[204],"research.":[205],"Clinical":[206],"biopsies":[208],"typical":[209],"patients'":[212],"caseload":[213],"\u223c1":[217],"hour.":[218],"study":[220],"paves":[221],"way":[223],"comprehensive":[225],"tumor-microenvironment":[226],"analyses":[227],"feasible":[229],"time":[230],"periods,":[231],"presenting":[232],"critical":[234],"step":[235],"practical":[237],"label-free":[238],"histopathology.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}