{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805697608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.00195","title":"Learning a Latent Space of Multitrack Measures","display_name":"Learning a Latent Space of Multitrack Measures","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805697608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.00195","mag":"2805697608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.00195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00195","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.00195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.00195","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007560593","display_name":"Ian Simon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-4325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-4325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon, Ian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Roberts, Adam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberts, Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045077843","display_name":"Colin Raffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-8048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-8048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffel, Colin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048688198","display_name":"Jesse Engel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Engel, Jesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083209727","display_name":"Curtis Hawthorne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hawthorne, Curtis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055592482","display_name":"Douglas Eck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eck, Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.5160999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.5160999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-space","display_name":"latent space","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-generation","display_name":"music generation","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical-style","display_name":"musical style","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chord-progressions","display_name":"chord progressions","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-representation-learning","display_name":"music representation learning","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194147245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076368","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","level":2,"score":0.8576787710189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128979739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179465","display_name":"Polyphony","level":2,"score":0.7724171876907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6751775741577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.6435695290565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5233494639396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659234","display_name":"Harmony (color)","level":2,"score":0.4833337962627411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46421149373054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45695093274116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4174630641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37103894352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3599753975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13502255082130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0935421884059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.07952427864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.00195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00195","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.00195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.00195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.00195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.00195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.00195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00195","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.00195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805697608.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805697608.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499798934","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1819710477","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W1994629163","https://openalex.org/W2053952057","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2112213875","https://openalex.org/W2475687244","https://openalex.org/W2522389179","https://openalex.org/W2547207889","https://openalex.org/W2560316200","https://openalex.org/W2567627528","https://openalex.org/W2572852026","https://openalex.org/W2591710685","https://openalex.org/W2606176153","https://openalex.org/W2606712314","https://openalex.org/W2746068898","https://openalex.org/W2752134738","https://openalex.org/W2753868141","https://openalex.org/W2769570009","https://openalex.org/W2774077477","https://openalex.org/W2782255520","https://openalex.org/W2792210438","https://openalex.org/W2963681776","https://openalex.org/W3131643527","https://openalex.org/W4302343661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3102744739","https://openalex.org/W3111037961","https://openalex.org/W6893727217","https://openalex.org/W2792210438","https://openalex.org/W7154507917","https://openalex.org/W4391516278","https://openalex.org/W6931453504","https://openalex.org/W7077880376","https://openalex.org/W7106703771","https://openalex.org/W2954957095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discovering":[0],"and":[1,54,77,120],"exploring":[2],"the":[3,18],"underlying":[4],"structure":[5],"of":[6,67,91],"multi-instrumental":[7],"music":[8,102],"using":[9],"learning-based":[10],"approaches":[11],"remains":[12],"an":[13],"open":[14],"problem.":[15],"We":[16,59,107],"extend":[17],"recent":[19],"MusicVAE":[20],"model":[21,99,113],"to":[22,70,80,117],"represent":[23],"multitrack":[24],"polyphonic":[25],"measures":[26,43,48,92],"as":[27,40],"vectors":[28],"in":[29,49],"a":[30,50,89,94],"latent":[31,111],"space.":[32],"Our":[33],"approach":[34],"enables":[35],"several":[36],"useful":[37],"operations":[38,69],"such":[39],"generating":[41,88],"plausible":[42],"from":[44],"scratch,":[45],"interpolating":[46],"between":[47],"musically":[51],"meaningful":[52],"way,":[53],"manipulating":[55],"specific":[56],"musical":[57,85,122],"attributes.":[58],"also":[60],"introduce":[61],"chord":[62,96],"conditioning,":[63],"which":[64],"allows":[65,78],"all":[66],"these":[68],"be":[71,81],"performed":[72],"while":[73,83],"keeping":[74],"harmony":[75],"fixed,":[76],"chords":[79],"changed":[82],"maintaining":[84],"\"style\".":[86],"By":[87],"sequence":[90],"over":[93],"predefined":[95],"progression,":[97],"our":[98,110],"can":[100],"produce":[101],"with":[103,124],"convincing":[104],"long-term":[105],"structure.":[106],"demonstrate":[108],"that":[109],"space":[112],"makes":[114],"it":[115],"possible":[116],"intuitively":[118],"control":[119],"generate":[121],"sequences":[123],"rich":[125],"instrumentation":[126],"(see":[127],"https://goo.gl/s2N7dV":[128],"for":[129],"generated":[130],"audio).":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}