{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805688049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","title":"Clinical and molecular markers in COPD","display_name":"Clinical and molecular markers in COPD","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805688049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","mag":"2805688049","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898275119","display_name":"Pulmonology","issn_l":"2531-0429","issn":["2531-0429","2531-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2805688049"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070117590","display_name":"In\u00eas Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-7545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-7545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146236","display_name":"Hospital de Santa Marta","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvd2j85","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095157","https://openalex.org/I4210146236"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Gon\u00e7alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonology Department, Hospital Santa Marta","Pulmonology Department, Hospital Santa Marta, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Santa Marta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Santa Marta, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034936733","display_name":"M.J. Guimar\u00e3es","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098124","display_name":"Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimar\u00e3es","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0jw647","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098124","https://openalex.org/I4405260793"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Guimar\u00e3es","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira","Pulmonology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008531667","display_name":"Mafalda van Zeller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-313X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-313X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018176973","display_name":"Hospital de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/04qsnc772","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018176973"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. van Zeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto","Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I3018176973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I3018176973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"F. Menezes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146790","display_name":"Hospital Garcia de Orta","ror":"https://ror.org/04jq4p608","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146790"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Menezes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonology Department, Hospital Garcia de Horta","Pulmonology Department, Hospital Garcia de Horta, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Garcia de Horta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146790"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Garcia de Horta, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049618735","display_name":"Joaquim Jorge Moita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7795-4932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7795-4932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802025818","display_name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04032fz76","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802025818"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Moita","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Hospital, Coimbra University Hospital Center","General Hospital, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Hospital, Coimbra University Hospital Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802025818"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Hospital, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802025818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107898458","display_name":"Paula Sim\u00e3o","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106794","display_name":"Hospital Pedro Hispano","ror":"https://ror.org/01emxrg90","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106794"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Sim\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano","Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106794"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106794"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"on behalf of the GI DPOC-Grupo de Interesse na Doen\u00e7a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr\u00f3nica","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"on behalf of the GI DPOC-Grupo de Interesse na Doen\u00e7a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr\u00f3nica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107898458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106794"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52290076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"250","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10665","display_name":"Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-biomarkers","display_name":"clinical biomarkers","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-markers","display_name":"molecular markers","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-markers","display_name":"genetic markers","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotypes","display_name":"phenotypes","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"precision medicine","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-treatment","display_name":"personalized treatment","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis","display_name":"prognosis","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-guidelines","display_name":"GOLD guidelines","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-assessment","display_name":"health assessment","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-testing","display_name":"exercise testing","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8987390995025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.8671990633010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6388059854507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.6387292146682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.62310391664505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6096721291542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.4707494378089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992779976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","level":2,"score":0.4701692461967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4176374673843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38826438784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3614543676376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3407694399356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3211463987827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2725357115268707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898275119","display_name":"Pulmonology","issn_l":"2531-0429","issn":["2531-0429","2531-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29898875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e5ec18fd4f84fa2b69050ea3afbfea5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e5ec18fd4f84fa2b69050ea3afbfea5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology, Vol 24, Iss 4, Pp 250-259 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b806f0df44e14b659ced4bfc41da6d6d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b806f0df44e14b659ced4bfc41da6d6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology, Vol 24, Iss 4, Pp 250-259 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.chlc.pt:10400.17/3158","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.17/3158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.02.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898275119","display_name":"Pulmonology","issn_l":"2531-0429","issn":["2531-0429","2531-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308970","display_name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfv3m53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317536","display_name":"ResMed","ror":"https://ror.org/01j0jk666"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114773857","https://openalex.org/W228643870","https://openalex.org/W318783537","https://openalex.org/W770714277","https://openalex.org/W1760281680","https://openalex.org/W1876261220","https://openalex.org/W1940150416","https://openalex.org/W1964587074","https://openalex.org/W1981008350","https://openalex.org/W1987645827","https://openalex.org/W1987881697","https://openalex.org/W1991881145","https://openalex.org/W2000430593","https://openalex.org/W2001562034","https://openalex.org/W2005925017","https://openalex.org/W2007794367","https://openalex.org/W2033775300","https://openalex.org/W2036845971","https://openalex.org/W2045616259","https://openalex.org/W2045870203","https://openalex.org/W2047911346","https://openalex.org/W2052977441","https://openalex.org/W2069727517","https://openalex.org/W2070032500","https://openalex.org/W2077523026","https://openalex.org/W2097108952","https://openalex.org/W2097217296","https://openalex.org/W2097667004","https://openalex.org/W2099718220","https://openalex.org/W2102293088","https://openalex.org/W2104883138","https://openalex.org/W2105006966","https://openalex.org/W2105118811","https://openalex.org/W2107829061","https://openalex.org/W2110429964","https://openalex.org/W2111189556","https://openalex.org/W2117837864","https://openalex.org/W2118182391","https://openalex.org/W2124403378","https://openalex.org/W2127104182","https://openalex.org/W2127951128","https://openalex.org/W2129546112","https://openalex.org/W2135422079","https://openalex.org/W2135939624","https://openalex.org/W2137186811","https://openalex.org/W2139347600","https://openalex.org/W2141992585","https://openalex.org/W2142628668","https://openalex.org/W2143105809","https://openalex.org/W2147495597","https://openalex.org/W2148405767","https://openalex.org/W2150280162","https://openalex.org/W2151267780","https://openalex.org/W2155765761","https://openalex.org/W2156248782","https://openalex.org/W2157968241","https://openalex.org/W2162419678","https://openalex.org/W2167544636","https://openalex.org/W2171438340","https://openalex.org/W2171676943","https://openalex.org/W2171946486","https://openalex.org/W2192840088","https://openalex.org/W2216915742","https://openalex.org/W2229779638","https://openalex.org/W2230716962","https://openalex.org/W2236401260","https://openalex.org/W2236979150","https://openalex.org/W2263808047","https://openalex.org/W2269941404","https://openalex.org/W2275037369","https://openalex.org/W2288380655","https://openalex.org/W2289331268","https://openalex.org/W2290759024","https://openalex.org/W2301717453","https://openalex.org/W2306260663","https://openalex.org/W2312757847","https://openalex.org/W2324038222","https://openalex.org/W2325397334","https://openalex.org/W2326393959","https://openalex.org/W2332810464","https://openalex.org/W2336466858","https://openalex.org/W2340795827","https://openalex.org/W2343634874","https://openalex.org/W2467721645","https://openalex.org/W2507901037","https://openalex.org/W2509165985","https://openalex.org/W2510737564","https://openalex.org/W2515655475","https://openalex.org/W2528195453","https://openalex.org/W2530594118","https://openalex.org/W2550205988","https://openalex.org/W2556921180","https://openalex.org/W2594397173","https://openalex.org/W2595161845","https://openalex.org/W2750811425","https://openalex.org/W6675499786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593464103","https://openalex.org/W1964587074","https://openalex.org/W2418187063","https://openalex.org/W2914559404","https://openalex.org/W2593002735","https://openalex.org/W2317066939","https://openalex.org/W7124749318","https://openalex.org/W2137123079","https://openalex.org/W2895692848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"obstructive":[1],"pulmonary":[2],"disease":[3,138],"(COPD)":[4],"is":[5,13,145,182],"a":[6,14,146,183],"complex":[7],"and":[8,11,20,34,62,77,85,87,91,95,109,117,158,191,195,218],"heterogeneous":[9],"disease,":[10,162],"there":[12],"clinical":[15,60,72,189],"need":[16,148,184],"for":[17,48,67],"validated":[18],"markers":[19,61,102,123,190,217],"biomarkers":[21,47,63,219],"that":[22,197],"can":[23,198],"contribute":[24],"to":[25,40,56,99,106,131,139,149,165,177,185],"the":[26,41,137,141,156,161,174,200],"assessment":[27,35],"of":[28,36,119,171,188,203],"patients,":[29],"risk":[30],"prediction,":[31],"treatment":[32,170],"guidance,":[33],"response.":[37],"Although":[38],"according":[39],"2018":[42],"GOLD":[43],"guidelines":[44],"clinically":[45],"useful":[46,101],"COPD":[49,132,172,204,221],"patients":[50],"in":[51,103,124,163,173,220],"stable":[52],"condition":[53],"have":[54,64,113,133],"yet":[55],"be":[57],"identified,":[58],"several":[59],"been":[65,115],"proposed":[66],"COPD.":[68],"These":[69],"include":[70],"isolated":[71],"markers,":[73,194],"such":[74],"as":[75],"symptoms":[76],"Health":[78],"Status":[79],"assessment,":[80],"exercise":[81],"tests,":[82],"function":[83],"tests":[84],"imaging,":[86],"also":[88,223],"composite":[89],"scores":[90],"molecular":[92],"markers.":[93],"However,":[94],"despite":[96],"strong":[97],"efforts":[98],"identify":[100,150,186],"an":[104,167],"attempt":[105],"improve":[107],"prognostic":[108],"therapeutic":[110],"approaches,":[111],"results":[112],"not":[114,159,212],"consistent":[116],"expectations":[118],"relying":[120],"on":[121,155,160,214,224],"these":[122],"near":[125],"future":[126,226],"are":[127],"faint.":[128],"Current":[129],"approaches":[130,227],"shifted":[134],"from":[135],"treating":[136,140],"individual":[142],"patient.":[143],"There":[144,181],"clear":[147],"treatable":[151],"traits,":[152],"focusing":[153],"more":[154],"patient":[157],"order":[164],"implement":[166],"increasingly":[168],"personalized":[169,201],"clinic,":[175],"leading":[176],"true":[178],"precision":[179,229],"medicine.":[180,230],"combinations":[187],"biomarkers,":[192],"genetic":[193],"phenotypes":[196],"guide":[199],"therapy":[202],"patients.":[205],"This":[206],"critical":[207],"review":[208],"will":[209],"therefore":[210],"focus":[211],"only":[213],"currently":[215],"established":[216],"but":[222],"possible":[225],"toward":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}
