{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805580434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","title":"Deriving a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level for Fragrance Ingredients Without Animal Testing: An Integrated Approach Applied to Specific Case Studies","display_name":"Deriving a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level for Fragrance Ingredients Without Animal Testing: An Integrated Approach Applied to Specific Case Studies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805580434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","mag":"2805580434","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29860528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023479712","display_name":"Andreas Natsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-2489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-2489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800326226","display_name":"Givaudan (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012ddpd05","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Natsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fragrances S&T, in vitro molecular screening, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fragrances S&T, in vitro molecular screening, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081028070","display_name":"Roger Emter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-2429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-2429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800326226","display_name":"Givaudan (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012ddpd05","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Emter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fragrances S&T, in vitro molecular screening, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fragrances S&T, in vitro molecular screening, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042624168","display_name":"Tina Haupt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9036-6904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9036-6904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800326226","display_name":"Givaudan (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012ddpd05","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Haupt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fragrances S&T, in vitro molecular screening, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fragrances S&T, in vitro molecular screening, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Graham Ellis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800326226","display_name":"Givaudan (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012ddpd05","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, global toxicology Givaudan International SA, CH-1214 Vernier, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, global toxicology Givaudan International SA, CH-1214 Vernier, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023479712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800326226"],"apc_list":{"value":4671,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4671},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9012769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"165","issue":"1","first_page":"170","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11117","display_name":"Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragrance-ingredients","display_name":"fragrance ingredients","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-sensitization","display_name":"skin sensitization","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-lymph-node-assay","display_name":"local lymph node assay","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-animal-testing","display_name":"non-animal testing","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-risk-assessment","display_name":"quantitative risk assessment","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-activation","display_name":"metabolic activation","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-estimation","display_name":"uncertainty estimation","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetic-safety-assessment","display_name":"cosmetic safety assessment","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780614586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664446","display_name":"Local lymph node assay","level":4,"score":0.9577534198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018346242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826986","display_name":"Skin sensitization","level":3,"score":0.6800651550292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.6281753182411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944828","display_name":"Sensitization","level":2,"score":0.5135679244995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520753416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38344","display_name":"Animal testing","level":2,"score":0.4734986424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.458027184009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3860776424407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3826504647731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3814826011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3631683588027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3269036114215851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3211877942085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.16356205940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15828830003738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09430551528930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000826","descriptor_name":"Animal Testing Alternatives","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010476","descriptor_name":"Perfume","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010476","descriptor_name":"Perfume","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010476","descriptor_name":"Perfume","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017449","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Allergic Contact","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019055","descriptor_name":"No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023441","descriptor_name":"Local Lymph Node Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29860528","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29860528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519859768","https://openalex.org/W1541066427","https://openalex.org/W1966327639","https://openalex.org/W1966653862","https://openalex.org/W1968414140","https://openalex.org/W2015227722","https://openalex.org/W2019206282","https://openalex.org/W2029016338","https://openalex.org/W2039223962","https://openalex.org/W2039767238","https://openalex.org/W2063432366","https://openalex.org/W2068250466","https://openalex.org/W2069975551","https://openalex.org/W2077255358","https://openalex.org/W2087020647","https://openalex.org/W2116469623","https://openalex.org/W2122098952","https://openalex.org/W2176596140","https://openalex.org/W2177324949","https://openalex.org/W2280309383","https://openalex.org/W2317636272","https://openalex.org/W2404601276","https://openalex.org/W2412773534","https://openalex.org/W2551327648","https://openalex.org/W2571007314","https://openalex.org/W2607072887","https://openalex.org/W2617822300","https://openalex.org/W2772478817","https://openalex.org/W2790898262","https://openalex.org/W2794343647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891043603","https://openalex.org/W3215489337","https://openalex.org/W7127120375","https://openalex.org/W2031947854","https://openalex.org/W4414074923","https://openalex.org/W2753075176","https://openalex.org/W2089842537","https://openalex.org/W4415447576","https://openalex.org/W4402513295","https://openalex.org/W4406919034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cosmetic":[0],"regulations":[1],"prohibit":[2],"animal":[3,212,247],"testing":[4,248],"for":[5,42,50,90,228],"the":[6,22,82,138,160,163,179,209,237],"purpose":[7],"of":[8,17,68,75,121,141,159,211,215,240],"safety":[9],"assessment":[10,230,245],"and":[11,15,44,84,110,147,181,186,190,217],"recent":[12],"registration,":[13],"evaluation":[14],"authorization":[16],"chemicals":[18],"guidance":[19],"states":[20],"that":[21],"local":[23],"lymph":[24],"node":[25],"assay":[26],"(LLNA)":[27],"in":[28,35,71,133,145,148,162,178,208,236,251],"mice":[29],"shall":[30],"only":[31],"be":[32,221],"conducted":[33],"if":[34],"vitro":[36,146],"data":[37,109,150],"cannot":[38],"give":[39],"sufficient":[40],"information":[41],"classification":[43],"labeling.":[45],"However,":[46],"Quantitative":[47],"Risk":[48],"Assessment":[49],"fragrance":[51,241],"ingredients":[52],"requires":[53],"an":[54,115],"NESIL":[55,227],"(no":[56],"expected":[57,64],"sensitization":[58,70,243],"induction":[59,67],"level),":[60],"a":[61,87,103,119,142,225],"dose":[62],"not":[63],"to":[65,93,113,156,171,204,223],"cause":[66],"skin":[69],"humans.":[72],"In":[73],"absence":[74,210],"human":[76,189],"data,":[77],"this":[78,95,199,219,255],"is":[79,201,231,249],"derived":[80],"from":[81,97],"LLNA":[83,116,180,191],"it":[85],"remains":[86],"key":[88],"challenge":[89],"risk":[91,229,244],"assessors":[92],"derive":[94],"value":[96],"nonanimal":[98],"data.":[99,192,213],"Here":[100],"we":[101],"present":[102],"workflow":[104],"using":[105],"structural":[106],"information,":[107],"reactivity":[108,129],"KeratinoSens":[111],"results":[112],"predict":[114],"result":[117],"as":[118],"point":[120],"departure.":[122],"Specific":[123],"additional":[124,194],"tests":[125],"(metabolic":[126],"activation,":[127],"complementary":[128],"tests)":[130],"are":[131,154],"applied":[132,170,203,222],"selected":[134],"cases":[135,253],"depending":[136],"on":[137,151],"chemical":[139,165],"domain":[140,239],"molecule.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"vivo":[149],"close":[152],"analogues":[153],"used":[155],"estimate":[157],"uncertainty":[158,216],"prediction":[161],"specific":[164],"domain.":[166],"This":[167],"approach":[168,200],"was":[169],"three":[172],"molecules":[173,183,207],"which":[174],"were":[175],"subsequently":[176],"tested":[177],"22":[182],"with":[184],"available":[185],"sometimes":[187],"discordant":[188],"Four":[193],"case":[195],"studies":[196],"illustrate":[197],"how":[198,218],"being":[202],"recently":[205],"developed":[206],"Estimation":[214],"can":[220],"determine":[224],"final":[226],"discussed.":[232],"We":[233],"conclude":[234],"that,":[235],"data-rich":[238],"ingredients,":[242],"without":[246],"possible":[250],"most":[252],"by":[254],"integrated":[256],"approach.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}