{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805405525","doi":null,"title":"EFFECTS OF LEUPEPTIN ON AVERSIVELY MOTIVATED SPATIAL MEMORY","display_name":"EFFECTS OF LEUPEPTIN ON AVERSIVELY MOTIVATED SPATIAL MEMORY","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805405525","mag":"2805405525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:dissertation-2496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113843063","display_name":"Timothy A. Otto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Otto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113843063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2535,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45878447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13637","display_name":"Calpain Protease Function and Regulation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leupeptin","display_name":"leupeptin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calpain-inhibition","display_name":"calpain inhibition","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aversive-motivation","display_name":"aversive motivation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-memory","display_name":"spatial memory","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidance-learning","display_name":"avoidance learning","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-potentiation","display_name":"long-term potentiation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-formation","display_name":"memory formation","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-infusion","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid infusion","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775883766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11350119","display_name":"Leupeptin","level":4,"score":0.8316391706466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25274449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805481","display_name":"Long-term potentiation","level":3,"score":0.7615373134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56928146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2934402","display_name":"Calpain","level":3,"score":0.7467595338821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360","display_name":"Hippocampus","level":2,"score":0.6447357535362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6303147673606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.532146155834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67018056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896","display_name":"NMDA receptor","level":3,"score":0.4761466979980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4148882031440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3555041551589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34907105565071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2060392200946808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17394676804542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.16244667768478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1263875961303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776714187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212410","display_name":"Protease","level":3,"score":0.09786313772201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:dissertation-2496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2805405525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2496&context=dissertation","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105329540","https://openalex.org/W1504073232","https://openalex.org/W1979012629","https://openalex.org/W1981197916","https://openalex.org/W1985951794","https://openalex.org/W1992655095","https://openalex.org/W1996809286","https://openalex.org/W1998173762","https://openalex.org/W2001725058","https://openalex.org/W2017169966","https://openalex.org/W2020571036","https://openalex.org/W2025801062","https://openalex.org/W2027803316","https://openalex.org/W2031739172","https://openalex.org/W2032464991","https://openalex.org/W2051966727","https://openalex.org/W2054267276","https://openalex.org/W2086648412","https://openalex.org/W2092082847","https://openalex.org/W2095366402","https://openalex.org/W2103861118","https://openalex.org/W2142520556","https://openalex.org/W2242792050","https://openalex.org/W2340915938","https://openalex.org/W2469623591","https://openalex.org/W4214891130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132578370","https://openalex.org/W4243239280","https://openalex.org/W2032181580","https://openalex.org/W2054349719","https://openalex.org/W2117849996","https://openalex.org/W2035070552","https://openalex.org/W1965283405","https://openalex.org/W2027803316","https://openalex.org/W2040597844","https://openalex.org/W1999742907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"evidence":[1],"indicates":[2],"that":[3,219],"the":[4,13,20,66,73,81,92,102,110,121,140,171,222,226,242,262,272,300],"activation":[5,104],"of":[6,15,51,62,76,84,95,105,112,128,142,199,245,253,303,316],"a":[7,27,34,48,144,179,208,211,251,286],"calcium-dependent":[8,103],"proteinase,":[9],"calpain,":[10],"results":[11],"in":[12,19,37,53,65,153,178,207,221,237],"formation":[14,305],"new":[16],"glutamate":[17],"receptors":[18],"hippocampus":[21,67],"(Lynch,":[22],"Halpain,":[23],"&":[24,69,98,309],"Baudry,":[25,99],"1982),":[26],"brain":[28],"area":[29],"commonly":[30],"thought":[31],"to":[32,80,90,138,240,296],"play":[33],"crucial":[35],"role":[36],"mammalian":[38],"memory":[39,96,116,129,152,288,304],"formation.":[40],"In":[41,155,277],"vitro,":[42],"this":[43,132,200],"effect":[44],"is":[45,107],"correlated":[46],"with":[47,183,299],"long-lasting":[49],"enhancement":[50],"efficacy":[52],"synaptic":[54],"transmission":[55],"(long-term":[56],"potentiation,":[57],"LTP)":[58],"following":[59],"brief":[60],"pulses":[61],"electrical":[63],"stimulation":[64],"(Dunwiddie":[68],"Lynch,":[70],"1979).":[71],"Because":[72,285],"induction":[74,111],"properties":[75,83],"LTP":[77,113],"are":[78,294],"similar":[79],"behavioral":[82,247],"memory,":[85],"it":[86,216],"has":[87],"been":[88],"proposed":[89],"be":[91,297],"physiological":[93],"basis":[94],"(Lynch":[97],"1984).":[100],"If":[101],"calpain":[106],"responsible":[108],"for":[109,191],"and":[114,174,215,264],"ultimately":[115],"formation,":[117],"then":[118,235],"pharmacologically":[119],"blocking":[120],"calcium-calpain":[122],"interactions":[123],"should":[124],"block":[125],"those":[126],"forms":[127],"dependent":[130],"on":[131,148,320],"mechanism.":[133],"Three":[134,239],"experiments":[135],"were":[136,176],"conducted":[137],"assess":[139,241],"effects":[141,248,319],"leupeptin,":[143],"proteinase":[145],"(calpain)":[146],"inhibitor":[147],"aversively":[149],"motivated":[150],"spatial":[151],"rats.":[154],"Experiment":[156,202,238],"One,":[157],"either":[158],"leupeptin":[159,279],"(8":[160],"mg/ml":[161],"isotonic":[162,165],"saline)":[163],"or":[164,210,258],"saline":[166],"was":[167,217,234,290],"infused":[168],"continuously":[169],"into":[170],"cerebrospinal":[172],"fluid,":[173],"rats":[175,220],"trained":[177],"one-way":[180],"avoidance":[181,213,232,283],"task":[182,227,233],"one-hour":[184],"intertrial":[185],"intervals,":[186],"three":[187],"trials":[188],"per":[189],"day,":[190],"11":[192],"days.":[193],"Leupeptin":[194,267],"significantly":[195,280],"impaired":[196,268,281],"rats'":[197,205],"acquisition":[198],"task.":[201],"Two":[203],"assessed":[204],"performance":[206,270],"win-stay":[209],"win-shift":[212,223,231],"task,":[214],"found":[218],"group":[224],"learned":[225],"more":[228],"efficiently.":[229],"This":[230],"used":[236],"temporal":[243],"dependence":[244],"leupeptin's":[246,317],"by":[249,307],"introducing":[250],"delay":[252,275],"1":[254],"min,":[255,257],"15":[256],"30":[259,273],"min":[260,274],"between":[261],"information":[263],"choice":[265,269],"trials.":[266],"at":[271],"only.":[276],"addition,":[278],"previously-acquired":[282],"responding.":[284],"time-dependent":[287],"deficit":[289],"observed,":[291],"these":[292],"data":[293],"considered":[295],"consistent":[298],"biological":[301],"model":[302],"advanced":[306],"Lynch":[308],"Baudry":[310],"(1984),":[311],"however":[312],"no":[313],"adequate":[314],"explanation":[315],"deleterious":[318],"previously":[321],"acquired":[322],"responding":[323],"presently":[324],"exists.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}