{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805215905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","title":"Chromium Burden in Human Placenta: Author(s) Responses to Thompson et al.","display_name":"Chromium Burden in Human Placenta: Author(s) Responses to Thompson et al.","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805215905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","mag":"2805215905","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29873792","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6154277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-pdf/165/2/270/25818601/kfy138.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-pdf/165/2/270/25818601/kfy138.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057280372","display_name":"Sakhila K. Banu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0385-5410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0385-5410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sakhila K Banu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Mail stop TAMU 4458, College Station, Texas 77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Mail stop TAMU 4458, College Station, Texas 77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057280372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":4671,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4671},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"165","issue":"2","first_page":"270","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11972","display_name":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11972","display_name":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexavalent-chromium","display_name":"hexavalent chromium","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-placenta","display_name":"human placenta","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-toxicity","display_name":"reproductive toxicity","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placental-histology","display_name":"placental histology","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placental-blood-flow","display_name":"placental blood flow","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placental-hormones","display_name":"placental hormones","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placental-gene-expression","display_name":"placental gene expression","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018059006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935","display_name":"Human placenta","level":5,"score":0.5554521679878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776953305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935","display_name":"Placenta","level":4,"score":0.5549585223197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511782168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725","display_name":"Chromium","level":2,"score":0.5056231021881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32665330171585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3221789300441742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3169471025466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.2878870964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.14328858256340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14009252190589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010920","descriptor_name":"Placenta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018384","descriptor_name":"Oxidative Stress","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-pdf/165/2/270/25818601/kfy138.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6154277","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6154277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29873792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29873792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy138","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-pdf/165/2/270/25818601/kfy138.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2505541989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RD83543601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2775964545","display_name":"Mechanism of Prenatal Chromium-VI Exposure and Germ Cell Apoptosis in the Ovary","funder_award_id":"R01ES025234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G381466005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"83543601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5539064140","display_name":"Lifecourse Exposures & Diet: Epigenetics, Maturation & Metabolic Syndrome","funder_award_id":"P01ES022844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310101","display_name":"American Chemistry Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03rzy3090"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805215905.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805215905.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766016562","https://openalex.org/W7212177083","https://openalex.org/W2806100956","https://openalex.org/W2502978485","https://openalex.org/W2597082823","https://openalex.org/W2065212775","https://openalex.org/W1989988635","https://openalex.org/W2398603947","https://openalex.org/W6992857778","https://openalex.org/W1910044031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,558,737],"large":[1],"body":[2],"of":[3,133,142,185,274,414,457,488,530,551,564,572,588,611,649,696,705,725,756,771,806,889,931,938,955,960,998,1033,1055,1085,1133],"data":[4,269,320,335,1118],"from":[5,63,130,216,221,347,438,450,581,752,774,912,966,1016,1025],"the":[6,11,55,181,233,275,330,348,351,410,424,439,451,458,480,486,503,512,527,546,549,552,612,647,658,757,769,796,803,849,890,939,984,1044,1053,1074,1083,1150],"epidemiologic":[7],"studies":[8,682,799,1090],"conducted":[9],"in":[10,42,83,153,175,190,192,198,212,299,306,385,400,416,479,566,596,619,677,719,734,848,886,894,905,936,944,983,1046,1073,1082],"U.S,":[12],"Finland,":[13],"China":[14],"and":[15,44,57,109,177,183,210,239,246,262,266,270,278,286,288,294,318,333,356,360,448,499,522,524,537,542,651,691,743,789,800,810,843,915,976,993,1001,1036,1067,1069,1149],"Russia":[16],"[Hemminki":[17,73],"et":[18,22,26,32,74,78,86,90,94,98,102,106,112,116,120,124,162,224,258,282,308,363,367,371,375,379,407,464,534,555,576,601,607,623,816,852,856,860,864,868,872,920,926,1100,1112],"al.,":[19,23,27,33,75,79,87,91,95,99,103,107,113,117,121,125,163,225,283,364,368,372,376,380,465,535,556,577,602,608,624,817,853,857,861,865,869,873,921,927,1101,1113],"1980;":[20,30,76],"Hemminki":[21],"1983;":[24],"Remy":[25,867],"2017;":[28,118,122,870],"Shmitova,":[29],"Yang":[31,77],"2013],":[34],"have":[35,674,747,933,1041,1077],"established":[36],"concerns":[37],"regarding":[38,180,260],"adverse":[39,1087],"reproductive":[40,173],"outcomes":[41],"women":[43,61],"their":[45],"children":[46],"who":[47],"were":[48,354,641,668],"exposed":[49],"to":[50,230,241,256,518,526,687,767,785,827,831,839,968,1018,1027,1092,1095],"hexavalent":[51],"chromium":[52],"(Cr(VI))":[53],"through":[54,505],"environmental":[56,331,837],"occupational":[58],"sources.":[59],"These":[60,1089],"suffer":[62],"various":[64],"gynecological":[65],"illnesses,":[66],"including":[67,802],"preterm":[68],"labor":[69],"or":[70,146,483,1010],"premature":[71],"abortion":[72],"2013].":[80],"Cr(VI)":[81,170,245,415,497,501,573,589,786,828,840,882,932],"toxicity":[82,187],"female":[84],"[Banu":[85,223,362,622,1099],"2008;":[88,92,924],"Mishra":[89],"Murthy":[93],"1996;":[96],"Rao":[97],"2009;":[100,918,922],"Sivakumar":[101,366],"2014;":[104,369,874],"Stanley":[105,370],"2013]":[108],"male":[110],"[Aruldhas":[111],"2004;":[114],"Kumar":[115],"Marouani":[119],"Wise":[123],"2008]":[126],"animals":[127],"is":[128,167,171,253,327,341,419,455,468,515,540,568,626,731,787,790,841,898,901],"evident":[129],"wide":[131],"range":[132],"investigations.":[134],"Our":[135,194,680],"previous":[136,913],"study":[137,196,560,580,1045,1057],"identified":[138,201],"that":[139,169,329,396,562,585,657,710,730,836],"regulatory":[140,586],"dose":[141,587],"Cr":[143,186,206,473,565,637,653,717,742,772,992,995,1060],"(100":[144],"ppb":[145],"0.1":[147],"ppm)":[148,388,591],"causes":[149,592],"germ":[150,593],"cell":[151,547,594],"apoptosis":[152,211],"an":[154,728],"ex":[155],"vivo":[156],"fetal":[157,598],"ovarian":[158],"culture":[159],"model":[160],"[Stanley":[161,600],"2015].":[164,603],"Although":[165,227,630],"it":[166,514,897],"clear":[168],"a":[172,202,254,493,506,569,627,703,791,844,948,1080],"toxicant":[174],"females":[176],"males,":[178],"information":[179],"pharmacokinetics":[182],"mechanisms":[184,234],"are":[188,284,291,311,389,430,1119],"unknown,":[189],"particular":[191],"humans.":[193],"preliminary":[195,628],"published":[197,268,361,1048],"Toxicological":[199,1122],"Sciences":[200,1123,1136],"\u201cpositive":[203],"association\u201d":[204],"between":[205,740,990],"accumulation,":[207],"oxidative":[208],"stress":[209],"human":[213,218,531],"placenta":[214,454,1075],"collected":[215],"de-identified":[217],"placental":[219,398,481,614],"samples":[220,346,667,676,686,758],"Michigan":[222,386,417],"2018].":[226,1102],"we":[228,343,631],"continue":[229],"further":[231],"explore":[232],"(by":[235],"incorporating":[236],"more":[237,685],"samples)":[238],"possibilities":[240],"identify":[242],"biomarkers":[243],"for":[244,496,636,643,670,953],"other":[247,267,432,644,1034,1070],"heavy":[248],"metal(s)":[249],"exposure,":[250],"this":[251,763,906,1056],"article":[252],"response":[255],"Thompson":[257,281,406],"al":[259,408],"critiques":[261,277],"comments":[263,279],"about":[264,974],"our":[265,582,678,689,834,1047],"its":[271],"interpretation.":[272],"Some":[273],"questions,":[276],"by":[280,313,903,1130],"valuable":[285],"reasonable,":[287],"these":[289],"points":[290],"addressed":[292],"here,":[293],"will":[295,683],"be":[296,476,661,702,1093],"carefully":[297],"considered":[298],"future":[300,681],"reports.":[301],"Comment":[302,382,604,693,777,877,971,1013,1030,1103],"1:":[303],"\u201cThe":[304],"findings":[305,690],"Banu":[307,1111],"al.":[309],"(2018)":[310],"undermined":[312],"methodological":[314],"issues.":[315],"Environmental":[316,1134,1153],"monitoring":[317,332],"pharmacokinetic":[319,334],"also":[321,722,732,1078],"limit":[322,337,952],"biological":[323,338],"plausibility\u201d.":[324],"Response:":[325,404,616,707,794,908,979,1021,1039,1108],"It":[326,467],"conceivable":[328],"could":[336,474,701,715],"plausibility.":[339],"This":[340,909,1125],"because":[342],"used":[344,353],"tissue":[345,482],"repository.":[349,679],"However,":[350,428],"methodologies":[352],"validated":[355],"accurate,":[357],"peer":[358],"reviewed":[359],"2016;":[365],"2013;":[373,858,866],"Wang":[374,871],"2005;":[377],"Zadorozhnaja":[378],"2000].":[381],"2:":[383],"\u201cCr(VI)":[384],"(0.0015":[387],"30":[390,610],"000":[391],"times":[392],"lower":[393],"than":[394,423],"those":[395,961],"caused":[397],"effects":[399],"rodents":[401],"(50":[402],"ppm)\u201d.":[403],"As":[405,980],"indicates,":[409],"maximum":[411],"reported":[412,935],"detection":[413,951],"water":[418,435,892,941],"0.0015":[420],"ppm":[421],"(less":[422],"approved":[425],"safety":[426],"limits).":[427],"there":[429],"multiple":[431],"sources":[433,893,942,962],"besides":[434],"such":[436,1062,1086],"as,":[437],"food,":[440],"lifestyle":[441],"factors":[442],"(such":[443],"as":[444,750,819,821,846,1050,1063],"smoking),":[445],"vitamin":[446],"supplements,":[447],"exposure":[449,574,784,838],"air.":[452],"The":[453,490,617],"one":[456],"organs":[459],"with":[460,881,1006],"highest":[461],"vasculature":[462],"[Pretorius":[463],"1998].":[466],"not":[469],"known":[470],"how":[471],"much":[472,662],"possibly":[475],"periodically":[477],"accumulated":[478],"Cr-DNA-adducts":[484],"during":[485],"course":[487],"pregnancy.":[489],"erythrocyte":[491,504,553,567],"has":[492,883,947],"high":[494,650,733,741,744],"capacity":[495],"uptake":[498],"binding.":[500],"enters":[502],"sulfate":[507],"ion":[508],"channel;":[509],"once":[510],"inside":[511],"cell,":[513],"rapidly":[516],"reduced":[517],"reactive":[519],"intermediates":[520],"Cr(V)":[521],"Cr(IV)":[523],"binds":[525],"beta":[528,1007],"chain":[529],"hemoglobin":[532],"[Kerger":[533],"1997]":[536],"Cr-hemoglobin":[538],"complex":[539],"stable":[541],"remains":[543],"sequestered":[544],"within":[545],"over":[548],"lifespan":[550],"[Paustenbach":[554],"2003].":[557],"recent":[559],"indicate":[561],"estimation":[563],"direct":[570],"indicator":[571],"[Devoy":[575],"2016].":[578],"Another":[579],"lab":[583],"indicated":[584,982],"(0.1":[590],"death":[595],"rat":[597],"ovaries":[599],"3:":[605],"\u201cBanu":[606],"omitted":[609],"50":[613,634,666],"samples\u2026\u201d":[615],"report":[618],"Tox":[620],"Sci":[621],"2018]":[625],"study.":[629],"had":[632,963],"incorporated":[633,669],"placentas":[635,640],"estimation,":[638],"20":[639,1026],"included":[642],"analyses":[645],"on":[646,1059],"basis":[648],"low":[652,991],"burden.":[654],"We":[655,673,708,1040],"agree":[656],"results":[659],"would":[660,746],"stronger":[663],"if":[664],"all":[665,671],"analyses.":[672],"540":[675],"incorporate":[684],"validate":[688],"conclusions.":[692],"4:":[694],"\u201cUse":[695],"stainless":[697,711,735,753],"steel":[698,712],"surgical":[699,713,775],"instruments":[700,714],"source":[704],"Cr\u201d.":[706],"recognized":[709],"affect":[716],"levels":[718,930],"tissue.":[720],"Therefore":[721],"evaluated":[723],"concentrations":[724,964],"Nickel":[726],"(Ni),":[727],"element":[729],"steel.":[736,754],"positive":[738],"relationship":[739],"Ni":[745],"been":[748,884,934],"interpreted":[749],"contamination":[751,773,829,880],"None":[755],"(n":[759],"=":[760],"50)":[761],"showed":[762],"relationship,":[764],"allowing":[765],"us":[766],"discount":[768],"possibility":[770],"instruments.":[776],"5:":[778],"Other":[779],"misleading":[780],"statements":[781],"include":[782],"\u201cenvironmental":[783],"increasing":[788,842],"growing":[792],"concern\u201d\u2026.":[793],"On":[795],"contrary,":[797],"several":[798],"reports":[801,916],"devastated":[804],"town":[805],"Hinkley":[807],"[Banks,":[808],"2002],":[809],"San":[811],"Fernando":[812],"Valley,":[813],"CA":[814],"[Melvin":[815],"2003];":[818],"well":[820],"Garfield":[822],"NJ":[823],"[US-EPA,":[824],"2016]":[825],"due":[826],"exist":[830],"strongly":[832],"support":[833],"statement":[835,910],"concern,":[845],"listed":[847],"references":[850],"[Kalahasthi":[851],"2006;":[854],"Khan":[855],"Li":[859],"2001;":[862],"Qian":[863],"Zhitkovich":[875],"2011].":[876],"6:":[878],"\u201cSignificant":[879],"found":[885],"approximately":[887],"30%":[888,937],"drinking":[891,940],"California\u201d,":[895],"however,":[896],"unclear":[899],"what":[900],"meant":[902],"\u201csignificant\u201d":[904],"context.":[907],"stems":[911],"publications":[914],"[Cone,":[917],"Dunn":[919],"N.T.P,":[923],"Salnikow":[925],"2008].":[928],"Detectable":[929],"monitored":[943],"California,":[945],"which":[946],"1":[949,967],"\u03bcg/l":[950],"purposes":[954],"reporting":[956],"[N.T.P,":[957],"2008];":[958],"87%":[959],"ranging":[965],"10":[969],"\u03bcg/l.":[970],"7:":[972],"Comments":[973],"mRNA":[975,1002],"western":[977,999],"blots.":[978],"clearly":[981],"paper,":[985],"fold-change":[986],"comparison":[987],"was":[988,1004,1058,1127],"made":[989],"High":[994],"group.":[996],"Normalization":[997],"blot":[1000,1106],"expression":[1003],"performed":[1005],"actin":[1008],"protein":[1009],"mRNA,":[1011],"respectively.":[1012],"8:":[1014],"Time":[1015,1022],"delivery":[1017],"sample":[1019],"stabilization.":[1020],"duration":[1023],"ranged":[1024],"45":[1028],"min.":[1029],"9:":[1031],"\u201cEffects":[1032],"metals":[1035,1061],"endocrine":[1037,1071],"disruptors\u2026.\u201d":[1038],"appropriately":[1042],"concluded":[1043],"paper":[1049],"follows:":[1051],"\u201cAlthough":[1052],"focus":[1054],"Cd,":[1064],"Ni,":[1065],"As,":[1066],"Mn":[1068],"disruptors":[1072],"may":[1076],"played":[1079],"role":[1081],"development":[1084],"effects.":[1088],"need":[1091],"expanded":[1094],"address":[1096],"mixture":[1097],"effects\u201d":[1098],"10:":[1104],"Western":[1105],"quantification.":[1107],"Please":[1109],"refer":[1110],"(2018,":[1114],"p.":[1115],"379).":[1116],"Supplementary":[1117],"available":[1120],"at":[1121],"online.":[1124],"work":[1126],"partly":[1128],"supported":[1129],"National":[1131],"Institute":[1132],"Health":[1135],"grants":[1137],"R01ES025234":[1138],"(Sakhila":[1139],"K.":[1140],"Banu),":[1141],"ES017500":[1142],"(Vasantha":[1143],"Padmanabhan":[1144],"(V.P)),":[1145],"P01":[1146],"ES022844":[1147],"(V.P.),":[1148],"United":[1151],"States":[1152],"Protection":[1154],"Agency":[1155],"(US":[1156],"EPA)":[1157],"Grant":[1158],"RD":[1159],"83543601":[1160],"(V.P.).":[1161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}