{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805113854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13371","title":"Example\u2010based Authoring of Procedural Modeling Programs with Structural and Continuous Variability","display_name":"Example\u2010based Authoring of Procedural Modeling Programs with Structural and Continuous Variability","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805113854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13371","mag":"2805113854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.13371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005034184","display_name":"Daniel Ritchie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-0069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-0069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ritchie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140741353","display_name":"Sarah Jobalia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Jobalia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079302941","display_name":"Anna Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3320-2429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3320-2429","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-3415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89907146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"401","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.5800999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.5800999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.38989999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-modeling","display_name":"procedural modeling","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-programs","display_name":"probabilistic programs","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-synthesis-from-examples","display_name":"program synthesis from examples","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"modular design","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-library","display_name":"parts library","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-variability","display_name":"structural variability","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-bayesian-inference","display_name":"variational inference","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-search","display_name":"combinatorial search","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ornamental-design","display_name":"ornament design","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/castles","display_name":"castles","score":0.9909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.830003023147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7230160236358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6712980270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113230428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247149","display_name":"Procedural modeling","level":2,"score":0.5752876996994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5409283638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.49880552291870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.4885426461696625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.45888620615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4290064871311188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3997635841369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3742896318435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3624456524848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3597763776779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.24979862570762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cgf.13371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1523509975","https://openalex.org/W1562162659","https://openalex.org/W1575798196","https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1955601057","https://openalex.org/W1992117889","https://openalex.org/W2016808830","https://openalex.org/W2081100812","https://openalex.org/W2093211258","https://openalex.org/W2101460669","https://openalex.org/W2103815986","https://openalex.org/W2142225462","https://openalex.org/W2155710590","https://openalex.org/W2161960196","https://openalex.org/W2194321275","https://openalex.org/W2276356546","https://openalex.org/W2353278259","https://openalex.org/W2415775569","https://openalex.org/W2491117405","https://openalex.org/W2537265010","https://openalex.org/W4230564045","https://openalex.org/W4232787297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096103213","https://openalex.org/W2963647251","https://openalex.org/W2114896478","https://openalex.org/W4385275533","https://openalex.org/W4388417083","https://openalex.org/W2803222727","https://openalex.org/W2888490491","https://openalex.org/W2103815986","https://openalex.org/W2246664447","https://openalex.org/W2000257873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Procedural":[1],"models":[2,37,70],"are":[3,54,151],"a":[4,10,32,39,57,66,145],"powerful":[5],"tool":[6],"for":[7,34,95],"quickly":[8],"creating":[9],"variety":[11,146],"of":[12,42,60,76,89,128,147],"computer":[13],"graphics":[14],"content.":[15],"However,":[16],"authoring":[17],"them":[18],"is":[19,65],"challenging,":[20],"requiring":[21],"both":[22,71],"programming":[23],"and":[24,107,134],"artistic":[25],"expertise.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"present":[31],"method":[33,118],"learning":[35,96],"procedural":[36,63],"from":[38,56,99,126,154],"small":[40],"number":[41],"example":[43],"objects.":[44],"We":[45,91,115],"focus":[46],"on":[47],"the":[48,72,77,82],"modular":[49],"design":[50],"setting,":[51],"where":[52],"objects":[53,149],"constructed":[55],"common":[58],"library":[59],"parts.":[61,90],"Our":[62],"representation":[64],"probabilistic":[67],"program":[68,105,113],"that":[69,138,150],"discrete,":[73],"hierarchical":[74],"structure":[75],"examples":[78,127],"as":[79,81],"well":[80],"continuous":[83,112],"variability":[84],"in":[85],"their":[86],"spatial":[87],"arrangements":[88],"develop":[92],"an":[93],"algorithm":[94],"such":[97],"programs":[98,125,141],"examples,":[100],"using":[101],"combinatorial":[102],"search":[103],"over":[104],"structures":[106],"variational":[108],"inference":[109],"to":[110,123],"estimate":[111],"parameters.":[114],"evaluate":[116],"our":[117,139],"by":[119],"demonstrating":[120],"its":[121],"ability":[122],"learn":[124],"ornamental":[129],"designs,":[130],"spaceships,":[131],"space":[132],"stations,":[133],"castles.":[135],"Experiments":[136],"suggest":[137],"learned":[140],"can":[142],"reliably":[143],"generate":[144],"new":[148],"perceptually":[152],"indistinguishable":[153],"hand\u2010crafted":[155],"examples.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-06-13T00:00:00"}