{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804634107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy041","title":"Predicting Viral Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Perinatally Infected Youth With Persistent Low-Level Viremia on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy","display_name":"Predicting Viral Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Perinatally Infected Youth With Persistent Low-Level Viremia on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804634107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy041","mag":"2804634107","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29788421","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7568520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jpids/piy041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912147776","display_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","issn_l":"2048-7193","issn":["2048-7193","2048-7207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7568520","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ruth Pereira","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112005432","display_name":"David A. Ludwig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Public Health Sciences (Biostatistics), University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Public Health Sciences (Biostatistics), University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075632153","display_name":"Matthew Sunil Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7529-2832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7529-2832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Public Health Sciences (Biostatistics), University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Public Health Sciences (Biostatistics), University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110481778","display_name":"Claudia Flores","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113809685","display_name":"Sady Dominguez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sady Dominguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111474239","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034767800","display_name":"Delia Rivera-Hernandez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delia Rivera-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113729273","display_name":"Gwendolyn B. Scott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwendolyn B Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082157757","display_name":"Charles D. Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-778X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-778X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles D Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082157757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4752,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4752},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60387532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"303","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-hiv-infection","display_name":"perinatal HIV infection","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infected-youth","display_name":"HIV-infected youth","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virologic-failure","display_name":"virological failure","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-level-viremia","display_name":"low-level viremia","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"highly active antiretroviral therapy","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy-adherence","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy adherence","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-drug-resistance","display_name":"antiretroviral resistance","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinic-visits","display_name":"clinic visits","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425304","display_name":"Viremia","level":3,"score":0.9098758101463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8494933843612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7091820240020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.6598522067070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5479370355606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.5241758227348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.42497915029525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.32084935903549194}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014766","descriptor_name":"Viremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014766","descriptor_name":"Viremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019562","descriptor_name":"Viral Load","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023241","descriptor_name":"Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jpids/piy041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2912147776","display_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","issn_l":"2048-7193","issn":["2048-7193","2048-7207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7568520","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7568520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29788421","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29788421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7568520","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7568520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000913280","display_name":"Miami Center for AIDS Research","funder_award_id":"P30AI073961","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821837416","https://openalex.org/W1981023316","https://openalex.org/W2025426813","https://openalex.org/W2054218941","https://openalex.org/W2063706234","https://openalex.org/W2102925901","https://openalex.org/W2109498470","https://openalex.org/W2139552123","https://openalex.org/W2149701672","https://openalex.org/W2158934536","https://openalex.org/W2162030461","https://openalex.org/W2253304743","https://openalex.org/W2323071838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7150152226","https://openalex.org/W2099045580","https://openalex.org/W1999650126","https://openalex.org/W7020135379","https://openalex.org/W2042075160","https://openalex.org/W4367175794","https://openalex.org/W2915360530","https://openalex.org/W4395671058","https://openalex.org/W2003559522","https://openalex.org/W2947048369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Less":[1],"than":[2,141],"optimal":[3],"adherence":[4],"with":[5,61,191,214,218],"antiretroviral":[6,48],"therapy":[7,49],"occurs":[8],"commonly":[9],"among":[10],"human":[11],"immunodeficiency":[12],"virus":[13],"HIV)-infected":[14],"youth.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"study,":[18],"our":[19],"object":[20],"was":[21,132,206],"to":[22,154,239],"identify":[23,155],"patterns":[24,156],"in":[25,40,157,162,209],"the":[26,71,112,121,167,179,249],"prefailure":[27],"measurement":[28],"of":[29,58,74,89,97,114,118,166,178,195,211,235,244,252],"viral":[30],"load":[31],"(VL)":[32],"that":[33,159,220],"can":[34],"reliably":[35],"predict":[36],"virological":[37],"failure":[38,131],"(VF)":[39],"HIV":[41,68,109],"perinatally":[42,84],"infected":[43],"youth":[44,60],"on":[45],"highly":[46],"active":[47],"(HAART).":[50],"METHODS:":[51],"We":[52],"conducted":[53],"a":[54,192,226,241],"retrospective":[55],"chart":[56],"review":[57],"HIV-infected":[59],"low-level":[62],"viremia":[63],"(LLV),":[64],"defined":[65,133],"as":[66,134],"an":[67,232],"VL":[69,158,180],"between":[70,100],"lower":[72],"limits":[73],"detection":[75],"(20-75":[76],"copies/mL)":[77],"and":[78,103,106,147,185,198,202,225],"1000":[79,142],"copies/mL.":[80,143],"All":[81],"patients":[82,169,213],"were":[83,126,152,189,200],"infected,":[85],"under":[86],"22":[87],"years":[88],"age,":[90],"observed":[91],"for":[92,128],"at":[93,111],"least":[94],"24":[95],"months":[96],"consecutive":[98,138],"follow-up":[99],"May":[101],"2008":[102],"July":[104],"2014,":[105],"received":[107],"their":[108],"care":[110],"University":[113],"Miami":[115],"Miller":[116],"School":[117],"Medicine.":[119],"Of":[120],"349":[122],"subjects":[123],"screened,":[124],"100":[125,168],"eligible":[127],"analysis.":[129],"Virological":[130],"3":[135],"or":[136],"more":[137],"VLs":[139,230],"greater":[140],"Multiple":[144],"logistic":[145],"regression":[146],"receiver":[148],"operator":[149],"characteristic":[150],"curves":[151],"used":[153],"ultimately":[160],"resulted":[161],"VF.":[163,171,196,215,236,245],"RESULTS:":[164],"Fifteen":[165],"experienced":[170],"Higher":[172],"log10":[173],"mean":[174],"VL,":[175],"positive":[176],"slope":[177],"(log10":[181],"copies/mL":[182],"per":[183],"day),":[184],"fewer":[186,222],"clinic":[187,223],"visits":[188,224],"associated":[190],"higher":[193],"probability":[194],"Sensitivity":[197],"specificity":[199],".87":[201],".95,":[203],"respectively.":[204],"Resistance":[205],"not":[207],"found":[208],"12":[210],"15":[212],"CONCLUSIONS:":[216],"Patients":[217],"LLV":[219],"had":[221,231],"trend":[227],"toward":[228],"increasing":[229],"increased":[233],"risk":[234],"Noncompliance":[237],"seems":[238],"be":[240],"major":[242],"component":[243],"Physicians":[246],"should":[247],"emphasize":[248],"critical":[250],"nature":[251],"medication":[253],"adherence.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-06-01T00:00:00"}