{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804088741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310154","title":"Data-independent versus data-dependent dimension reduction for gait-based gender classification","display_name":"Data-independent versus data-dependent dimension reduction for gait-based gender classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804088741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310154","mag":"2804088741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2310154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407107099","display_name":"Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications 2018","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040347508","display_name":"Tahir Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-3831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-3831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92864154","display_name":"University of Buckingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd28f18","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92864154"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Buckingham (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Buckingham (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92864154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050342812","display_name":"Azhin Tahir Sabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-3008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-3008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4896460","display_name":"Koya University","ror":"https://ror.org/017pq0w72","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azhin Sabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koya Univ. (Iraq)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koya Univ. (Iraq)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4896460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108472555","display_name":"Sabah Jassim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-871X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-871X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92864154","display_name":"University of Buckingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd28f18","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92864154"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabah A. Jassim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Buckingham (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Buckingham (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92864154"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50291128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"9139","issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.8939999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.8939999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"dimensionality reduction","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-projections","display_name":"random projections","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-matrices","display_name":"Hadamard matrices","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"curse of dimensionality","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"overfitting","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dimensional-data","display_name":"high-dimensional data","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.7877172231674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7781822681427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6848243474960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.6590758562088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6574432849884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.548753559589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5207762122154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5053666234016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.413940966129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4039955139160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32213789224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08043670654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2310154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407107099","display_name":"Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications 2018","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W269095843","https://openalex.org/W849495462","https://openalex.org/W1501987263","https://openalex.org/W1506281249","https://openalex.org/W1530780135","https://openalex.org/W1577871831","https://openalex.org/W1581204992","https://openalex.org/W2014859914","https://openalex.org/W2041836310","https://openalex.org/W2053171205","https://openalex.org/W2054945727","https://openalex.org/W2076930930","https://openalex.org/W2101831789","https://openalex.org/W2104335344","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2144796713","https://openalex.org/W2169446650","https://openalex.org/W2414994497","https://openalex.org/W2507568765","https://openalex.org/W2508944576","https://openalex.org/W2624745934","https://openalex.org/W2766790052","https://openalex.org/W2768620045","https://openalex.org/W2798319530","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W4239392048","https://openalex.org/W4251209413","https://openalex.org/W4252410381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768620045","https://openalex.org/W2979163681","https://openalex.org/W1987515224","https://openalex.org/W2162576363","https://openalex.org/W7098760587","https://openalex.org/W7168044443","https://openalex.org/W4200368379","https://openalex.org/W2582585157","https://openalex.org/W3212970345","https://openalex.org/W3207654142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,106,136],"most":[1,58],"pattern":[2,35],"recognition":[3],"applications,":[4],"the":[5,27,34,78,82,113],"object":[6],"of":[7,19,29,36,40,77,87,115],"interest":[8],"is":[9,42],"represented":[10],"by":[11,52],"a":[12,43,128],"very":[13],"high":[14],"dimensional":[15],"data-vector.":[16],"High":[17],"dimensionality":[18],"modeling":[20],"vectors":[21],"poses":[22],"serious":[23],"challenges":[24,48],"related":[25],"to":[26,46,81,92],"efficiency":[28],"retrieval,":[30],"analysis":[31],"and":[32,49,75,111,153],"classifying":[33],"interest.":[37],"The":[38,57],"Curse":[39],"Dimension":[41,53],"general":[44],"reference":[45],"these":[47,142],"commonly":[50,59],"addressed":[51],"Reduction":[54],"(DR)":[55],"techniques.":[56],"used":[60],"DR":[61,96,129],"schemes":[62,97],"are":[63,103],"data-dependent":[64],"like":[65],"Principal":[66],"Component":[67],"Analysis":[68],"(PCA).":[69],"However,":[70],"we":[71,109,138,157],"may":[72],"expect":[73],"over-fitting":[74],"biasness":[76],"adaptive":[79],"models":[80],"training":[83],"sets":[84],"as":[85,99,127,146],"consequences":[86],"low":[88],"sample":[89],"density":[90],"ratio":[91],"dimension.":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"data-independent":[95],"such":[98],"Random":[100,169],"Projections":[101],"(RP)":[102],"more":[104],"desirable.":[105],"this":[107],"paper,":[108],"investigate":[110],"test":[112],"performance":[114],"differently":[116],"constructed":[117],"overcomplete":[118],"Hadamard-based":[119,143],"mxn":[120],"(m<<n)":[121],"sub-matrices":[122],"using":[123],"Walsh-Paley":[124,161,168],"(WP)":[125],"matrices":[126],"scheme":[130],"for":[131],"Gait-based":[132],"Gender":[133],"Classification":[134],"(GBGC).":[135],"particular,":[137],"shall":[139,158],"demonstrate":[140],"that":[141,160],"RPs":[144],"perform":[145,165],"well":[147],"as,":[148],"if":[149],"not":[150],"better,":[151],"PCA":[152],"Gaussian-based":[154],"RPs.":[155],"Moreover,":[156],"show":[159],"Structured":[162],"Matrices":[163,170],"(WPSM)":[164],"better":[166],"than":[167],"(WPRM).":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2018-06-01T00:00:00"}
