{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803756686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","title":"Sample entropy analysis for the estimating depth of anaesthesia through human EEG signal at different levels of unconsciousness during surgeries","display_name":"Sample entropy analysis for the estimating depth of anaesthesia through human EEG signal at different levels of unconsciousness during surgeries","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803756686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","mag":"2803756686","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29844970","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5970554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.4817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114012760","display_name":"Quan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-5737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-5737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026385971","display_name":"Li Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-7627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-7627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040835437","display_name":"Shou\u2010Zen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-8453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-8453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shou-Zen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Tapei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Tapei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091511508","display_name":"Maysam Abbod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-7933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-7933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maysam F. Abbod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027079662","display_name":"Jiann-Shing Shieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-5090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-5090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-Shing Shieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027079662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":8.6422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98330344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"e4817","last_page":"e4817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12930","display_name":"Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-anesthesia","display_name":"depth of anesthesia","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-analysis","display_name":"EEG signal analysis","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-entropy","display_name":"sample entropy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bispectral-index","display_name":"bispectral index","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-anesthesia","display_name":"general anesthesia","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-anesthesia-monitoring","display_name":"depth of anesthesia monitoring","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest-regression","display_name":"random forest regression","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perioperative-monitoring","display_name":"perioperative monitoring","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrence-analysis","display_name":"recurrence analysis","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation-entropy","display_name":"permutation entropy","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.8458238840103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776470351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12829165","display_name":"Unconsciousness","level":2,"score":0.7525011301040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6460228562355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5511772036552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5460299849510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5386706590652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5157995223999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48476022481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.47152838110923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21689155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451452","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","level":3,"score":0.4668503403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4602895975112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.4531462788581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4518813192844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4272609055042267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781097354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4918396","display_name":"Bispectral index","level":3,"score":0.4232044816017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4226735830307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4146430492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.2368970513343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1404350996017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422740","display_name":"Propofol","level":2,"score":0.09368324279785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.4817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5970554","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5970554/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5970554/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4923173","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5970554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29844970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29844970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14519dbd587440c3a5e5175f0da18572","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14519dbd587440c3a5e5175f0da18572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ, Vol 6, p e4817 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:libtstbura1.brunel.ac.uk:2438/16317","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.4817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4918531029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51475342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G664322881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51675389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6815385094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015-JL-012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324638","funder_display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324638","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803756686.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803756686.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59677784","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W397076878","https://openalex.org/W1511777662","https://openalex.org/W1519367790","https://openalex.org/W1553844132","https://openalex.org/W1838235254","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1950544107","https://openalex.org/W1971065470","https://openalex.org/W1978956684","https://openalex.org/W1988881714","https://openalex.org/W2002996884","https://openalex.org/W2003269031","https://openalex.org/W2005509407","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2011072206","https://openalex.org/W2012558374","https://openalex.org/W2015379854","https://openalex.org/W2025087121","https://openalex.org/W2038382211","https://openalex.org/W2040327687","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2042830611","https://openalex.org/W2044670283","https://openalex.org/W2060441889","https://openalex.org/W2063424275","https://openalex.org/W2066674149","https://openalex.org/W2073182347","https://openalex.org/W2080524127","https://openalex.org/W2080772690","https://openalex.org/W2081681829","https://openalex.org/W2084333685","https://openalex.org/W2085318410","https://openalex.org/W2085794477","https://openalex.org/W2086407528","https://openalex.org/W2102417399","https://openalex.org/W2123563890","https://openalex.org/W2134169201","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2139013070","https://openalex.org/W2149615621","https://openalex.org/W2149905014","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2157881370","https://openalex.org/W2169721303","https://openalex.org/W2176287621","https://openalex.org/W2178228580","https://openalex.org/W2187595671","https://openalex.org/W2211351828","https://openalex.org/W2334716836","https://openalex.org/W2468443503","https://openalex.org/W2534818475","https://openalex.org/W2536880028","https://openalex.org/W2566109251","https://openalex.org/W2625075947","https://openalex.org/W2745598829","https://openalex.org/W2768191355","https://openalex.org/W2990168612","https://openalex.org/W3024089080","https://openalex.org/W3141408015","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4230770257","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6686775985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099311723","https://openalex.org/W2078489674","https://openalex.org/W2080524127","https://openalex.org/W2944286123","https://openalex.org/W3163837088","https://openalex.org/W3154861964","https://openalex.org/W2046826796","https://openalex.org/W2163519033","https://openalex.org/W4284687762","https://openalex.org/W3034643034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"the":[1,16,20,28,69,73,77,80,97,107,114,118,150,155,158,167,180,189,207,215,228,237,244,255,259,278],"depth":[2],"of":[3,19,57,72,117,154,169,174,210,243,247],"anaesthesia":[4,53],"(DoA)":[5],"in":[6,65,266],"operations":[7],"has":[8],"always":[9],"been":[10],"a":[11,39,282],"challenging":[12],"issue":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,45,67,112,179,193,200,222,232,268],"underlying":[17],"complexity":[18],"brain":[21],"mechanisms.":[22],"Electroencephalogram":[23],"(EEG)":[24],"signals":[25,32],"are":[26],"undoubtedly":[27],"most":[29],"widely":[30],"used":[31,111],"for":[33,48,87,285],"measuring":[34],"DoA.":[35],"In":[36,226,276],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"novel":[40],"EEG-based":[41],"index":[42,94,182],"is":[43,160],"proposed":[44,119,156,279],"evaluate":[46],"DoA":[47,273],"24":[49],"patients":[50],"receiving":[51],"general":[52],"with":[54,92,123,271],"different":[55,248],"levels":[56,250],"unconsciousness.":[58],"Sample":[59],"Entropy":[60],"(SampEn)":[61],"algorithm":[62],"was":[63,85,177,263],"utilised":[64,86],"order":[66],"acquire":[68],"chaotic":[70],"features":[71],"signals.":[74],"After":[75],"calculating":[76],"SampEn":[78],"from":[79,206,254],"EEG":[81],"signals,":[82],"Random":[83,260],"Forest":[84,261],"developing":[88],"learning":[89],"regression":[90,136,184,205],"models":[91],"Bispectral":[93],"(BIS)":[95],"as":[96],"target.":[98],"Correlation":[99],"coefficient,":[100],"mean":[101,217],"absolute":[102,218],"error,":[103],"and":[104,132,135,141,152,199,236],"area":[105],"under":[106],"curve":[108],"(AUC)":[109],"were":[110,145],"verify":[113,149],"perioperative":[115],"performance":[116],"method.":[120],"Validation":[121],"comparisons":[122],"typical":[124],"nonstationary":[125],"signal":[126],"analysis":[127,131,173,239],"methods":[128,137],"(i.e.,":[129,138,183],"recurrence":[130],"permutation":[133],"entropy)":[134],"neural":[139],"network":[140],"support":[142],"vector":[143],"machine)":[144],"conducted.":[146],"To":[147],"further":[148],"accuracy":[151],"validity":[153],"methodology,":[157],"data":[159],"divided":[161],"into":[162],"four":[163,245],"unconsciousness-level":[164],"groups":[165,246],"on":[166],"basis":[168,284],"BIS":[170],"levels.":[171,257],"Subsequently,":[172],"variance":[175],"(ANOVA)":[176],"applied":[178],"corresponding":[181],"output).":[185],"Results":[186],"indicate":[187],"that":[188,241],"correlation":[190],"coefficient":[191],"improved":[192],"0.72":[194],"\u00b1":[195,202,212,224,234],"0.09":[196],"after":[197,204],"filtering":[198],"0.90":[201],"0.05":[203],"initial":[208],"values":[209],"0.51":[211],"0.17.":[213],"Similarly,":[214],"final":[216],"error":[219],"dramatically":[220],"declined":[221],"5.22":[223],"2.12.":[225],"addition,":[227],"ultimate":[229],"AUC":[230],"increased":[231],"0.98":[233],"0.02,":[235],"ANOVA":[238],"indicates":[240],"each":[242],"anaesthetic":[249,288],"demonstrated":[251],"significant":[252],"difference":[253],"nearest":[256],"Furthermore,":[258],"output":[262],"extensively":[264],"linear":[265],"relation":[267],"BIS,":[269],"thus":[270],"better":[272],"prediction":[274],"accuracy.":[275],"conclusion,":[277],"method":[280],"provides":[281],"concrete":[283],"monitoring":[286],"patients'":[287],"level":[289],"during":[290],"surgeries.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2018-06-01T00:00:00"}