{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803420113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","title":"Determination of Epiphyseal Union Age in the Knee and Hand Joints Bones among the Saudi Population in Taif City","display_name":"Determination of Epiphyseal Union Age in the Knee and Hand Joints Bones among the Saudi Population in Taif City","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803420113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","mag":"2803420113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29888003","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5985073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/7854287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/rrp/2018/7854287.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119494089","display_name":"Radiology Research and Practice","issn_l":"2090-1941","issn":["2090-1941","2090-195X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/rrp/2018/7854287.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006027505","display_name":"Majed O. Aljuaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-4803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-4803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majed O. Aljuaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-4803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005065383","display_name":"Osama R. El-Ghamry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama R. El-Ghamry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006027505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":3.8683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92747596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epiphyseal-union","display_name":"epiphyseal union","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-age-assessment","display_name":"bone age assessment","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-joint","display_name":"knee joint","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-joints","display_name":"hand joints","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-plate","display_name":"growth plate","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-population","display_name":"Saudi population","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taif-city","display_name":"Taif City","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7458146214485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908736133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37425","display_name":"Knee Joint","level":2,"score":0.6079150438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5880304574966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5527047514915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43864381313323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.4251415729522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.42491039633750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4220961034297943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.416338175535202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3275832235813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.262332558631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2045905888080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11335363984107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10126194357872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/7854287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/rrp/2018/7854287.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119494089","display_name":"Radiology Research and Practice","issn_l":"2090-1941","issn":["2090-1941","2090-195X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4947537","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC5985073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5985073","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5985073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiol Res Pract","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29888003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29888003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology research and practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b5cd6e606d54c2dadaac10c18fd9575","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b5cd6e606d54c2dadaac10c18fd9575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Radiology Research and Practice, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/7854287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7854287","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/rrp/2018/7854287.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119494089","display_name":"Radiology Research and Practice","issn_l":"2090-1941","issn":["2090-1941","2090-195X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803420113.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803420113.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1234033071","https://openalex.org/W1929233544","https://openalex.org/W1963564217","https://openalex.org/W1999277373","https://openalex.org/W2000295275","https://openalex.org/W2023118485","https://openalex.org/W2023752606","https://openalex.org/W2032044230","https://openalex.org/W2040244863","https://openalex.org/W2058824630","https://openalex.org/W2064629513","https://openalex.org/W2068758120","https://openalex.org/W2072945365","https://openalex.org/W2077322677","https://openalex.org/W2087028860","https://openalex.org/W2112865275","https://openalex.org/W2265896602","https://openalex.org/W2271259035","https://openalex.org/W2274331604","https://openalex.org/W2293479942","https://openalex.org/W2403156924","https://openalex.org/W2473278248","https://openalex.org/W2586074524","https://openalex.org/W4409507626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2734688890","https://openalex.org/W4220868173","https://openalex.org/W4396745803","https://openalex.org/W4255863984","https://openalex.org/W2254850677","https://openalex.org/W4387787735","https://openalex.org/W1963564217","https://openalex.org/W7155367644","https://openalex.org/W2308723011","https://openalex.org/W7160768568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction.The":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,7,26,35,38,77,86,101,103,107,154,189,286,288],"radiographic":[3],"data":[4],"for":[5,72,138,156,168,191,235,252,271],"determination":[6],"age,":[8],"according":[9],"to":[10,31],"the":[11,27,33,58,73,87,111,152,163,175,187,195,284],"epiphyseal":[12,36],"union":[13,37,74,285],"stage,":[14],"is":[15,30],"a":[16,205],"widely":[17],"accepted":[18],"method":[19,69],"and":[20,40,50,89,96,118,124,127,131,140,149,160,167,172,201,218,221,224,237,254,263,266,269,279,290],"considered":[21],"scientifically":[22],"approved.":[23],"The":[24,67,99],"aim":[25],"present":[28],"work":[29],"estimate":[32],"age":[34,102,155,190],"hand":[39,90,136,176,250],"knee":[41,88,112,164,232],"joints":[42,137,251],"bones":[43],"among":[44],"Saudi":[45],"population":[46],"in":[47,57,64,110,122,135,151,174,199,231,249,292],"Taif":[48,65,293],"City.Subjects":[49],"Method.A":[51],"retrospective":[52],"cross-sectional":[53],"study":[54,281],"was":[55,70,204],"conducted":[56],"Armed":[59],"Forces":[60],"Hospitals":[61],"(4":[62],"hospitals)":[63],"City.":[66],"five-stage":[68],"used":[71],"assessment.Results.A":[75],"total":[76],"473":[78],"patients\u2019":[79],"X-ray":[80],"images":[81,91,94,234],"were":[82,92,114,144,182,243],"involved.":[83],"Approximately":[84],"three-quarters":[85],"males\u2019":[93],"(77.25%":[95],"75.41%,":[97],"resp.).":[98],"means":[100,153],"stage":[104,193,197],"3":[105,173,225],"(age":[106],"recent":[108],"union)":[109],"joint":[113,165,177,233],"23.63":[115],"\u00b1":[116,120,129,133],"3.12":[117],"21.19":[119],"3.41":[121],"males":[123,139,148,200,236,253,272],"females,":[125,141,202,238],"respectively,":[126],"19.84":[128],"3.47":[130],"17.19":[132],"1.61":[134],"respectively.":[142,239],"There":[143],"significant":[145,206,244],"differences":[146,245],"between":[147,208,246],"females":[150,255],"stages":[157,169,209,222,247,267],"1,":[158],"3,":[159],"4":[161],"at":[162],"plates":[166,178],"0,":[170],"2,":[171],"(":[179,211,226,256,274],"P":[180,212,227,257,275],"values":[181,213,258],"<0.05).":[183],"However,":[184],"by":[185],"comparing":[186],"mean":[188,198],"each":[192],"with":[194,305],"previous":[196],"there":[203,242],"difference":[207],"0\u20134":[210],"\u2264":[214,259],"0.0001,":[215,260],"\u22640.001,":[216],"<0.0001,":[217,261,262,264],"<0.001,":[219],"resp.)":[220,265],"2":[223],"value":[228,276],"=":[229,277],"0.012)":[230],"In":[240],"addition,":[241],"2\u20134":[248],"0":[268],"1":[270],"only":[273],"0.002).Conclusion":[278],"Recommendation.This":[280],"suggests":[282],"that":[283],"epiphyses":[287],"knees":[289],"hands":[291],"City":[294],"occurs":[295],"later":[296],"than":[297],"other":[298],"places.":[299],"More":[300],"studies":[301],"must":[302],"be":[303],"done":[304],"female":[306],"samples.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-06-01T00:00:00"}
