{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802775152","doi":null,"title":"Economic Analysis of Integrated Continuous and Batch Pharmaceutical Manufacturing","display_name":"Economic Analysis of Integrated Continuous and Batch Pharmaceutical Manufacturing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802775152","mag":"2802775152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2802775152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/17335353/IECR_2011.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004755900","display_name":"Spencer D. Schaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-3637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-3637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer D. Schaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-3637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042757280","display_name":"Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-6784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-6784"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-6784","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036843436","display_name":"Rohit Ramachnadran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-7015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-7015"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Ramachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-7015","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James M. B. Evans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. B. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037278011","display_name":"Paul I. Barton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-9443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-9443"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul I. Barton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-9443","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000143645","display_name":"Bernhardt L. Trout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-9470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-9470","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-746X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhardt L. Trout","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-9470","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30148805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.35690000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.35690000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13180","display_name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","score":0.27709999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.19179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-production","display_name":"continuous production","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/batch-production","display_name":"batch production","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-pharmaceutical-ingredients","display_name":"active pharmaceutical ingredients","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tablet-formulation","display_name":"tablet formulation","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-expenditure","display_name":"capital expenditure","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-costs","display_name":"operating costs","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-loading","display_name":"drug loading","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-comparison","display_name":"yield comparison","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"cost reduction","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780548022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614396","display_name":"Continuous production","level":2,"score":0.732934296131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.6064749956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180757","display_name":"Pharmaceutical manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5808831453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5730324387550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5110675096511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.5058981776237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46849092841148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45904493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912807","display_name":"Active ingredient","level":2,"score":0.44712597131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172658912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661613","display_name":"Batch processing","level":2,"score":0.4355716109275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777874358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7389060","display_name":"SCALE-UP","level":2,"score":0.43091052770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4116896092891693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38941794633865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.26929330825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2427840530872345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12480273842811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11378529667854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1075955331325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2802775152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/17335353/IECR_2011.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7811999917030334,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105695126","https://openalex.org/W639466405","https://openalex.org/W1977091953","https://openalex.org/W1977277762","https://openalex.org/W1985634808","https://openalex.org/W1987291580","https://openalex.org/W2033823038","https://openalex.org/W2039845066","https://openalex.org/W2043203609","https://openalex.org/W2043205880","https://openalex.org/W2052981679","https://openalex.org/W2077841233","https://openalex.org/W2126492708","https://openalex.org/W2134382068","https://openalex.org/W2140614865","https://openalex.org/W2169112275","https://openalex.org/W2399629842","https://openalex.org/W2479763050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1770883461","https://openalex.org/W7097948549","https://openalex.org/W7095471544","https://openalex.org/W2790351534","https://openalex.org/W7028464311","https://openalex.org/W7026958414","https://openalex.org/W7148848172","https://openalex.org/W2337626036","https://openalex.org/W3112652747","https://openalex.org/W2791683138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,159,215],"capital,":[1],"operating,":[2],"and":[3,19,43,94,120,172,200,212,264,297],"overall":[4,131,232],"costs":[5,81],"of":[6,30,33,82,92,111,133,144,268],"a":[7,27,57,63,223],"dedicated":[8,58],"continuous":[9,100,121,135,160,183,217,259,277],"manufacturing":[10],"process":[11,101,161,201,218,228],"to":[12,53,84,142,177,187,190,207,222,246],"synthesize":[13],"an":[14,108],"active":[15],"pharmaceutical":[16],"ingredient":[17],"(API)":[18],"formulate":[20],"it":[21],"into":[22],"tablets":[23,34],"are":[24,51,75,116,151,251,279],"estimated":[25,186,206,241],"for":[26,77,182],"production":[28,41,55,184],"scale":[29],"2000":[31],"t":[32],"per":[35],"year,":[36],"with":[37,62,86,137,219],"raw":[38],"material":[39],"cost,":[40,199],"yield,":[42],"API":[44],"loading":[45],"varied":[46],"over":[47],"broad":[48],"ranges.":[49],"Costs":[50],"compared":[52],"batch":[54,128,146,270,284],"in":[56,89,235,257,275,282],"facility.":[59],"Synthesis":[60],"begins":[61],"key":[64,78],"organic":[65],"intermediate":[66,79],"three":[67],"synthetic":[68],"steps":[69],"before":[70],"the":[71,90,130,134,145,195,230,255,258,269,276,283,292],"final":[72],"API;":[73],"results":[74],"given":[76,253],"(KI)":[80],"$100":[83],"$3000/kg,":[85],"drug":[87,196,237],"loadings":[88],"tablet":[91,226],"10":[93],"50":[95],"wt":[96],"%.":[97],"novel":[99,216,224],"described":[102],"here":[103],"is":[104,157,261],"being":[105],"developed":[106],"by":[107],"interdisciplinary":[109],"team":[110],"20":[112,189],"researchers.":[113],"Since":[114],"yields":[115,126,132,150,229,274],"not":[117,163],"yet":[118],"well-known,":[119],"processes":[122,136],"typically":[123],"have":[124],"better":[125],"than":[127,281],"ones,":[129],"recycling":[138,220],"were":[139,175,185,205],"set":[140],"equal":[141],"that":[143,267],"process.":[147,271],"Without":[148],"recycling,":[149],"10%":[152,262,265],"lower,":[153,192],"but":[154],"less":[155],"equipment":[156],"required.":[158],"has":[162],"been":[164],"built":[165],"at":[166],"large":[167],"scale,":[168],"so":[169],"Wroth":[170],"factors":[171],"other":[173,298],"assumptions":[174],"used":[176],"estimate":[178],"costs.":[179],"Capital":[180],"expenditures":[181,204],"be":[188,208,289],"76%":[191],"depending":[193],"on":[194],"loading,":[197],"KI":[198],"chosen;":[202],"operating":[203],"between":[209],"40%":[210],"lower":[211,280],"9%":[213],"higher.":[214],"coupled":[221],"direct":[225],"formation":[227],"best":[231],"cost":[233,249],"savings":[234,242,250,286,299],"each":[236],"loading/KI":[238],"price":[239],"scenario:":[240],"range":[243],"from":[244],"9":[245],"40%.":[247],"Overall":[248],"also":[252],"assuming":[254],"yield":[256],"case":[260,278],"above":[263],"below":[266],"Even":[272],"when":[273],"case,":[285],"can":[287],"still":[288],"achieved":[290],"because":[291],"labor,":[293],"materials":[294],"handling,":[295],"CapEx,":[296],"compensate.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}
