{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802272037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","title":"A User-Centric CPU-GPU Governing Framework for 3-D Mobile Games","display_name":"A User-Centric CPU-GPU Governing Framework for 3-D Mobile Games","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802272037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","mag":"2802272037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624432","display_name":"Wei-Ming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-4167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-4167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-4167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046882986","display_name":"Sheng-Wei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-2316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-2316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Wei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-2316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036230837","display_name":"Pi-Cheng Hsiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-4033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-4033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pi-Cheng Hsiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation and the Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-4033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation and the Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75626557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"961","last_page":"974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.10140000283718109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"frequency scaling","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload-estimation","display_name":"workload estimation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-classification","display_name":"frame classification","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience","display_name":"user experience","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-energy-consumption","display_name":"smartphone energy consumption","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7294521927833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.44022130966186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4128553867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3861050009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.34591466188430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.09533166885375977}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2834404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18713181","https://openalex.org/W1979022228","https://openalex.org/W2023143044","https://openalex.org/W2028237324","https://openalex.org/W2057113289","https://openalex.org/W2063599058","https://openalex.org/W2066179408","https://openalex.org/W2082581695","https://openalex.org/W2099961254","https://openalex.org/W2111541830","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2135856216","https://openalex.org/W2147861080","https://openalex.org/W2153048208","https://openalex.org/W2157870613","https://openalex.org/W2198118162","https://openalex.org/W2343360668","https://openalex.org/W2460667596","https://openalex.org/W2482017438","https://openalex.org/W2493541054","https://openalex.org/W2532077617","https://openalex.org/W2556028200","https://openalex.org/W3152142561","https://openalex.org/W4229969433","https://openalex.org/W4254076019","https://openalex.org/W6600732676","https://openalex.org/W6682488519","https://openalex.org/W6687208913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009642350","https://openalex.org/W3157106486","https://openalex.org/W3046245948","https://openalex.org/W2588558848","https://openalex.org/W2780572480","https://openalex.org/W2950297857","https://openalex.org/W2560029789","https://openalex.org/W7124160100","https://openalex.org/W2789269454","https://openalex.org/W2208805312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphics-intensive":[0],"mobile":[1,40],"games":[2],"place":[3],"different":[4],"and":[5,17,73,80,142,151,173,195,217,231,238],"varying":[6],"levels":[7],"of":[8,34,148],"demand":[9],"on":[10,189],"the":[11,25,31,35,51,75,78,90,102,114,139,144,149,160,179,207,221],"associated":[12],"central":[13],"processing":[14,19],"units":[15,20],"(CPUs)":[16],"graphics":[18],"(GPUs).":[21],"In":[22,46,157],"contrast":[23],"to":[24,43,126,137,153,159,181,206],"workload":[26,167],"variability":[27],"that":[28,84],"characterizes":[29],"games,":[30],"current":[32,91],"design":[33],"energy":[36,98,227],"governor":[37],"employed":[38],"by":[39,229],"systems":[41],"appears":[42],"be":[44],"outdated.":[45],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,104,118,163],"review":[50],"energy-saving":[52],"mechanism":[53],"implemented":[54,188],"in":[55,89,96,178],"an":[56,106,131,190,211],"Android":[57,239],"system":[58],"coupled":[59],"with":[60,198,234],"graphics-intensive":[61],"gaming":[62,201],"workloads":[63],"from":[64],"three":[65],"perspectives:":[66],"1)":[67],"user":[68,128,243],"perception;":[69],"2)":[70],"application":[71,132,212],"status;":[72],"3)":[74],"interplay":[76],"between":[77],"CPU":[79,150],"GPU.":[81],"We":[82],"observe":[83],"there":[85],"are":[86],"information":[87,116],"gaps":[88],"system,":[92],"which":[93,213],"may":[94],"result":[95],"unnecessary":[97],"wastage.":[99],"To":[100,112],"resolve":[101],"problem,":[103],"propose":[105],"online":[107],"user-centric":[108],"CPU-GPU":[109],"governing":[110],"framework.":[111],"bridge":[113],"identified":[115],"gaps,":[117],"classify":[119],"rendered":[120],"game":[121],"frames":[122,125],"into":[123,133],"redundant/changing":[124],"satisfy":[127],"demand,":[129,141,162],"categorize":[130],"GPU":[134,152],"sensitive/insensitive":[135],"phases":[136],"understand":[138],"application's":[140],"determine":[143],"frequency":[145],"scaling":[146],"intents":[147],"capture":[154],"processor":[155],"demand.":[156],"response":[158],"measured":[161],"employ":[164],"a":[165,169,174],"required":[166],"estimator,":[168],"unified":[170],"policy":[171],"selector,":[172],"frequency-scaling":[175],"intent":[176],"communicator":[177],"framework":[180,186,223],"save":[182],"energy.":[183],"The":[184],"proposed":[185,222],"was":[187],"LG":[191],"Nexus":[192],"5X":[193],"smartphone,":[194],"extensive":[196],"experiments":[197],"real-world":[199],"3-D":[200],"applications":[202],"were":[203],"conducted.":[204],"According":[205],"experiment":[208],"results,":[209],"for":[210],"is":[214],"low":[215],"interactive":[216],"infrequent":[218],"phase":[219],"changing,":[220],"can,":[224],"respectively,":[225],"reduce":[226],"consumption":[228],"25.3%":[230],"39%":[232],"compared":[233],"our":[235],"previous":[236],"work":[237],"governors":[240],"while":[241],"maintaining":[242],"experience.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}
