{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802153807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","title":"Computational study of small-scale laminar coflow diffusion flames: influences of fuel dilution on the negative buoyant flame","display_name":"Computational study of small-scale laminar coflow diffusion flames: influences of fuel dilution on the negative buoyant flame","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802153807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","mag":"2802153807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195883","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","issn_l":"1755-1315","issn":["1755-1315","1755-1307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008139011","display_name":"Nasreldin M. Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-9643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-9643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132574604","display_name":"Sinnar University","ror":"https://ror.org/008r9vm50","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132574604"]}],"countries":["CN","SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasreldin M Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sudan","School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132574604"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071211990","display_name":"Balla M. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5094-7916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5094-7916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132574604","display_name":"Sinnar University","ror":"https://ror.org/008r9vm50","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132574604"]}],"countries":["CN","SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balla M Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sudan","School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132574604"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05622285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"146","issue":null,"first_page":"012021","last_page":"012021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coflow-diffusion-flames","display_name":"coflow diffusion flames","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminar-flames","display_name":"laminar flames","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-buoyancy","display_name":"negative buoyancy","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-dilution","display_name":"fuel dilution","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propane-fuel","display_name":"propane fuel","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recirculation-zone","display_name":"recirculation zone","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortex-formation","display_name":"vortex formation","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrodynamic-structure","display_name":"hydrodynamic structure","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoyancy-driven-flow","display_name":"buoyancy-driven flow","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175804951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268188","display_name":"Diluent","level":2,"score":0.9294776320457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189452","display_name":"Laminar flow","level":2,"score":0.7765963077545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96618451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3028008","display_name":"Dilution","level":2,"score":0.7537651658058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538625479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497624","display_name":"Buoyancy","level":2,"score":0.6704413890838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776345496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131189","display_name":"Propane","level":2,"score":0.6131347417831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.5707114934921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5128129124641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.49849510192871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.4941602051258087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.43501484394073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.36172908544540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35884398221969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.17420771718025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0711720883846283}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195883","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","issn_l":"1755-1315","issn":["1755-1315","1755-1307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012021/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195883","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","issn_l":"1755-1315","issn":["1755-1315","1755-1307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2802153807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2802153807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529622848","https://openalex.org/W1817993852","https://openalex.org/W1978702894","https://openalex.org/W1993477412","https://openalex.org/W1995850362","https://openalex.org/W1996017599","https://openalex.org/W1997938972","https://openalex.org/W2009280574","https://openalex.org/W2011565646","https://openalex.org/W2011957298","https://openalex.org/W2019432754","https://openalex.org/W2030878741","https://openalex.org/W2033504137","https://openalex.org/W2036619202","https://openalex.org/W2049417119","https://openalex.org/W2050795399","https://openalex.org/W2052247884","https://openalex.org/W2052650622","https://openalex.org/W2061382948","https://openalex.org/W2062959532","https://openalex.org/W2071385627","https://openalex.org/W2086302463","https://openalex.org/W2090526037","https://openalex.org/W2096821290","https://openalex.org/W2168575889","https://openalex.org/W2177127571","https://openalex.org/W2286253281","https://openalex.org/W2531244626","https://openalex.org/W4242364743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970278116","https://openalex.org/W2028201737","https://openalex.org/W2331238370","https://openalex.org/W2070246916","https://openalex.org/W2808772494","https://openalex.org/W4389935203","https://openalex.org/W2072878496","https://openalex.org/W3031624137","https://openalex.org/W2197500356","https://openalex.org/W4410866338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96,109,126,166],"effects":[1],"of":[2,14,32,72,112,141,161],"adding":[3],"H":[4,42,74,144,171],"2":[5,9,43,47,75,79,145,149,172,186],"O":[6,44,76,146,173],"and":[7,45,77,106,147],"CO":[8,46,78,148,185],"on":[10,25,57],"the":[11,26,30,40,53,62,65,70,86,130,135,139,151,156,159,180],"hydrodynamic":[12],"structure":[13,163],"laminar":[15],"diffusion":[16],"hydrocarbon":[17],"flame":[18],"was":[19,89,175],"investigated":[20],"at":[21],"atmospheric":[22],"pressure,":[23],"focusing":[24,56],"recirculation":[27,66],"zone":[28],"in":[29,85,119,178],"vicinity":[31],"nozzle":[33],"exit":[34],"with":[35,122,143,184],"buoyancy":[36],"force":[37],"applied":[38],"to":[39,51,94,117],"fuel.":[41],"diluent":[48],"were":[49,99],"used":[50],"dilute":[52],"propane":[54,114],"fuel":[55,87,115,131,142],"how":[58],"these":[59],"diluents":[60,157],"affect":[61],"vortices":[63,152,162],"inside":[64],"zones.":[67],"To":[68],"clarify":[69],"influence":[71],"diluents,":[73],"content":[80],"(in":[81],"mole":[82],"basis":[83],"%)":[84],"mixture":[88],"gradually":[90],"increased":[91],"from":[92],"0":[93],"20%.":[95],"numerical":[97],"computations":[98],"performed":[100],"using":[101],"one-step":[102],"gas-phase":[103],"chemistry,":[104],"thermal,":[105],"transport":[107],"properties.":[108],"computational":[110],"results":[111,127,167],"non-diluent":[113],"found":[116],"be":[118],"good":[120],"agreement":[121],"available":[123],"experimental":[124],"data.":[125],"showed":[128,169],"that":[129,170],"dilution":[132,140],"notably":[133],"influences":[134],"flow-field.":[136],"In":[137],"particular,":[138],"weakens":[150],"formation.":[153],"With":[154],"increasing":[155],"ratio,":[158],"scale":[160,182],"becomes":[164],"smaller.":[165],"also":[168],"-diluent":[174],"more":[176],"effective":[177],"reducing":[179],"vortex":[181],"compared":[183],"-diluent.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}