{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802107976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","title":"Inequalities in socio-emotional development and positive parenting during childhood: Evidence from China 2010\u20132014","display_name":"Inequalities in socio-emotional development and positive parenting during childhood: Evidence from China 2010\u20132014","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802107976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","mag":"2802107976","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30014029","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6019850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764672113","display_name":"SSM - Population Health","issn_l":"2352-8273","issn":["2352-8273"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSM - Population Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461809","display_name":"Zhihui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-932X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-932X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105669043","display_name":"Yunyun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-9509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-9509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Finance, School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Finance, School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064591982","display_name":"Mingqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-4138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-4138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043932960","display_name":"Chunling Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4780-9451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4780-9451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I866804994","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46","country_code":"ZA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I866804994"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunling Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA","Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Center of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Center of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I866804994"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043932960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I866804994"],"apc_list":{"value":2930,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2930},"apc_paid":{"value":2930,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2930},"fwci":0.5353,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68598985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.3416000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.3416000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.2020999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-emotional-development","display_name":"social-emotional development","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-parenting","display_name":"positive parenting","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-development","display_name":"early childhood development","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-quintiles","display_name":"wealth quintiles","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-education","display_name":"preschool education","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-family-panel-studies","display_name":"China Family Panel Studies","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7153294086456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5845590829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5455829501152039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4936915338039398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4197327494621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109260823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407784","display_name":"Child development","level":2,"score":0.41807126998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.41201600432395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.369385302066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2597794532775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21573114395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11024510860443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0720033049583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764672113","display_name":"SSM - Population Health","issn_l":"2352-8273","issn":["2352-8273"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSM - Population Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6019850","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6019850/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6019850/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSM Popul Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4998527","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6019850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30014029","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30014029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSM - population health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764672113","display_name":"SSM - Population Health","issn_l":"2352-8273","issn":["2352-8273"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSM - Population Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2802107976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2802107976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585429782","https://openalex.org/W1833088933","https://openalex.org/W1965889986","https://openalex.org/W1967924578","https://openalex.org/W1974397757","https://openalex.org/W1995405329","https://openalex.org/W1998900477","https://openalex.org/W2003234477","https://openalex.org/W2007139738","https://openalex.org/W2009465818","https://openalex.org/W2037548735","https://openalex.org/W2060475202","https://openalex.org/W2062846048","https://openalex.org/W2066105484","https://openalex.org/W2070020013","https://openalex.org/W2075623847","https://openalex.org/W2100958095","https://openalex.org/W2103270984","https://openalex.org/W2106500641","https://openalex.org/W2118721907","https://openalex.org/W2118983581","https://openalex.org/W2121807251","https://openalex.org/W2128248134","https://openalex.org/W2129833599","https://openalex.org/W2139356314","https://openalex.org/W2144871095","https://openalex.org/W2165380520","https://openalex.org/W2169443829","https://openalex.org/W2171003789","https://openalex.org/W2171055579","https://openalex.org/W2182801159","https://openalex.org/W2325562463","https://openalex.org/W2378075572","https://openalex.org/W2493850830","https://openalex.org/W2528003179","https://openalex.org/W2549467104","https://openalex.org/W2555393887","https://openalex.org/W3122593970","https://openalex.org/W6635187122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184106504","https://openalex.org/W2895921045","https://openalex.org/W2808747026","https://openalex.org/W4402807470","https://openalex.org/W4392763985","https://openalex.org/W3034788396","https://openalex.org/W1965782775","https://openalex.org/W3041200945","https://openalex.org/W4391776878","https://openalex.org/W2775056863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Socio-emotional":[0],"development":[1,10],"(SED)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,175],"critical":[5],"dimension":[6],"of":[7,41,68,103,257],"early":[8],"childhood":[9],"(ECD).":[11],"However,":[12],"little":[13],"research":[14,289],"has":[15,36],"been":[16],"conducted":[17],"thus":[18],"far":[19],"regarding":[20],"inequalities":[21,69,148],"across":[22,78],"family":[23],"income":[24],"status":[25,256],"in":[26,33,43,70,149,166,178,189,196,206,213,224,228,279],"children's":[27,71,259],"SED":[28,72,126,150,260],"and":[29,66,74,83,94,97,105,116,124,154,182,200,246,253,262,298],"positive":[30,75,296],"parenting":[31,76,86,171,263,297],"scores":[32,73,77,127,151,225],"China,":[34],"which":[35],"the":[37,44,51,64,101,136,140,144,155,160,169,250,254,268,293],"second":[38],"largest":[39],"population":[40],"children":[42,91,99,227],"world.":[45],"Using":[46],"nationally":[47],"representative":[48],"data":[49],"from":[50,184,201],"China":[52],"Family":[53],"Panel":[54],"Survey":[55],"(CFPS),":[56],"we":[57,173],"addressed":[58],"this":[59,234],"knowledge":[60],"gap":[61],"by":[62],"assessing":[63],"levels":[65],"trends":[67],"wealth":[79,133,157],"quintiles":[80],"between":[81,100,122,152,180,295],"2010":[82,123,190,207,278],"2014.":[84,167],"Positive":[85],"was":[87],"measured":[88],"for":[89,130,198,215,226],"(1)":[90],"aged":[92],"two":[93,170],"younger":[95],"(PP_younger)":[96],"(2)":[98],"ages":[102],"three":[104],"five":[106,110,132],"(PP_older).":[107],"We":[108,119],"adopted":[109],"inequality":[111,179,244],"measures,":[112],"including":[113],"both":[114,249],"absolute":[115,251],"relative":[117],"measures.":[118],"found":[120],"that,":[121],"2014,":[125],"significantly":[128],"increased":[129],"all":[131],"quintiles,":[134],"with":[135],"first":[137],"quintile":[138,158],"(Q1,":[139],"lowest":[141],"income)":[142,162],"growing":[143],"fastest.":[145],"Consequently,":[146],"observed":[147,174],"Q1":[153,181,229],"fifth":[156],"(Q5,":[159],"highest":[161],"no":[163],"longer":[164],"existed":[165],"For":[168],"scores,":[172],"significant":[176],"reduction":[177],"Q5,":[183],"1.03":[185],"(95%":[186,193,203,210],"CI:":[187,194,204,211],"0.71-1.35)":[188],"to":[191,208,221,231],"0.51":[192],"0.27-0.74)":[195],"2014":[197,214],"PP_younger":[199],"1.28":[202],"1.09-1.47)":[205],"0.53":[209],"0.37-0.70)":[212],"PP_older.":[216],"These":[217,237],"changes":[218],"are":[219,239],"due":[220],"larger":[222],"increases":[223],"compared":[230],"Q5":[232],"during":[233,267],"time":[235],"period.":[236,270],"results":[238],"highly":[240],"consistent":[241],"over":[242],"different":[243],"measurements":[245],"indicate":[247],"that":[248,273],"level":[252],"equality":[255],"young":[258],"score":[261,264],"experienced":[265],"improvement":[266],"study":[269],"This":[271],"suggests":[272],"China's":[274],"large":[275],"investments":[276],"since":[277],"pre-primary":[280],"education":[281],"may":[282],"have":[283],"yielded":[284],"their":[285],"desired":[286],"results.":[287],"Future":[288],"should":[290],"further":[291],"investigate":[292],"association":[294],"SED.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}