{"id":"https://openalex.org/W280188022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","title":"An example of political arithmetic: The evaluation of spa therapy at the Georgian Bath Infirmary, 1742\u20131830","display_name":"An example of political arithmetic: The evaluation of spa therapy at the Georgian Bath Infirmary, 1742\u20131830","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W280188022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","mag":"280188022","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10829422","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1044250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300066382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B66F60008D0E528426C4782C2183B7F7/S0025727300066382a.pdf/div-class-title-an-example-of-political-arithmetic-the-evaluation-of-spa-therapy-at-the-georgian-bath-infirmary-1742-1830-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B66F60008D0E528426C4782C2183B7F7/S0025727300066382a.pdf/div-class-title-an-example-of-political-arithmetic-the-evaluation-of-spa-therapy-at-the-georgian-bath-infirmary-1742-1830-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067196532","display_name":"Anne Borsay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anne Borsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History, University of Wales, Lampeter"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History, University of Wales, Lampeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067196532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.8424,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99494846,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"2","first_page":"149","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.17810000479221344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.03480000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-arithmetic","display_name":"political arithmetic","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balneotherapy","display_name":"balneotherapy","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-statistics","display_name":"history of statistics","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-statistics","display_name":"medical statistics","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-modern-england","display_name":"early modern England","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/william-petty","display_name":"William Petty","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-graunt","display_name":"John Graunt","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-davenant","display_name":"Charles Davenant","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6647014617919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780964034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8108","display_name":"Georgian","level":2,"score":0.6504312753677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.5689386129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5087419152259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33624720573425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19147205352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.05767083168029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001452","descriptor_name":"Balneology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006769","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, General","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008900","descriptor_name":"Mineral Waters","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300066382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B66F60008D0E528426C4782C2183B7F7/S0025727300066382a.pdf/div-class-title-an-example-of-political-arithmetic-the-evaluation-of-spa-therapy-at-the-georgian-bath-infirmary-1742-1830-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:224579","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1044250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1044250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1044250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Hist","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10829422","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10829422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical history","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300066382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300066382","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B66F60008D0E528426C4782C2183B7F7/S0025727300066382a.pdf/div-class-title-an-example-of-political-arithmetic-the-evaluation-of-spa-therapy-at-the-georgian-bath-infirmary-1742-1830-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W280188022.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W280188022.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978676221","https://openalex.org/W1999212881","https://openalex.org/W2012440391","https://openalex.org/W2030858893","https://openalex.org/W2120756168","https://openalex.org/W4239245478","https://openalex.org/W4290655849","https://openalex.org/W4389924260","https://openalex.org/W6609364742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1029869865","https://openalex.org/W2582421664","https://openalex.org/W1270992646","https://openalex.org/W2769329428","https://openalex.org/W4243813882","https://openalex.org/W3160202687","https://openalex.org/W992661411","https://openalex.org/W587640490","https://openalex.org/W4213336028","https://openalex.org/W4312435442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IBetween":[0],"the":[1,9,26,62,67,83,88,93,115,120,151,167,183,195,201,222],"Restoration":[2],"of":[3,11,21,28,44,64,142,169,177,197,209,225],"Charles":[4,37],"II":[5],"in":[6,14,24,77,135],"1660":[7],"and":[8,31,36,60,69,106,182,203],"death":[10],"Queen":[12],"Anne":[13],"1714,":[15],"England":[16],"experienced":[17],"a":[18,57,99],"\"golden":[19],"age":[20],"political":[22,137],"arithmetic\"":[23],"which":[25],"work":[27],"William":[29,218],"Petty":[30,219],"John":[32,79],"Graunt,":[33],"Gregory":[34],"King":[35],"Davenant":[38,134],"was":[39,161,207,220],"greatly":[40],"admired.The":[41],"traditional":[42],"chronology":[43],"modern":[45],"statistics":[46],"has":[47,113],"either":[48],"ignored":[49],"this":[50,74,159],"period":[51],"altogether":[52],"or":[53],"dismissed":[54],"it":[55],"as":[56,139,173,214,216],"false":[58],"start":[59],"emphasized":[61],"significance":[63],"developments":[65],"during":[66],"1820s":[68],"1830s.Historians":[70],"have":[71],"increasingly":[72],"contested":[73],"orthodox":[75],"position.Writing":[76],"1989,":[78],"Brewer":[80],"argued":[81],"that":[82,119,156,206],"fiscal-military":[84],"state,":[85],"expanding":[86],"within":[87],"cultural":[89],"context":[90],"created":[91],"by":[92,144],"Scientific":[94],"Revolution,":[95],"gave":[96],"rise":[97],"to":[98,104,149,200],"demand":[100],"for":[101,185],"quantitative":[102],"data":[103],"understand":[105],"control":[107],"contemporary":[108],"problems.'More":[109],"recently,":[110],"Julian":[111],"Hoppit":[112],"reasserted":[114],"revisionist":[116],"case,":[117],"insisting":[118],"Georgians":[121],"were":[122,189],"no":[123],"less":[124],"statistically":[125],"inclined":[126],"than":[127],"their":[128,180,198],"later":[129],"Stuart":[130],"forefathers.2Hoppit's":[131],"argument":[132],"followed":[133],"defining":[136],"arithmetic":[138,193],"\"the":[140],"art":[141],"reasoning":[143],"figures,":[145],"upon":[146],"things":[147],"relating":[148],"government\".3None":[150],"less,":[152],"he":[153],"also":[154],"recognized":[155],"not":[157],"all":[158],"information":[160],"\"officially":[162],"inspired\"":[163],"because":[164],"\"[m]any":[165],"outside":[166],"corridors":[168],"power":[170],"saw":[171],"counting":[172],"an":[174],"important":[175],"way":[176],"thinking":[178],"about":[179],"world":[181],"possibilities":[184],"policy":[186],"making\".4Medical":[187],"practitioners":[188],"one":[190],"such":[191],"group.Political":[192],"acknowledged":[194],"relevance":[196],"skills":[199],"large":[202],"healthy":[204],"population":[205],"part":[208],"its":[210],"social":[211],"mercantilist":[212],"brief.'Therefore,":[213],"early":[215],"1676,":[217],"calculating":[221],"economic":[223],"drain":[224],"premature":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}