{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2800899271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","title":"Understanding the Spatial Structure of Urban Commuting Using Mobile Phone Location Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China","display_name":"Understanding the Spatial Structure of Urban Commuting Using Mobile Phone Location Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2800899271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","mag":"2800899271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su10051435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1435/pdf?version=1525494318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1435/pdf?version=1525494318","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083712833","display_name":"Xiping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-4757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-4757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Tourism Informatics, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-4757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Tourism Informatics, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033711071","display_name":"Zhixiang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-878X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-878X","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9593-9252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-878X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101670284","display_name":"Ling Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363212","display_name":"Junyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-9939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-9939","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8804-4086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Tourism Informatics, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Tourism Informatics, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102956001","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-9076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-9076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084082197","display_name":"Shiwei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-1300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-1300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033711071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":4.976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94670286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"1435","last_page":"1435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-commuting","display_name":"urban commuting","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone-location-data","display_name":"mobile phone location data","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuting-networks","display_name":"commuting networks","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-detection","display_name":"community detection","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycentric-urban-structure","display_name":"polycentric city","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-functional-zoning","display_name":"urban functional zoning","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shenzhen","display_name":"Shenzhen","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.6660677790641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5748635530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.521088719367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778625738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358078","display_name":"Street network","level":2,"score":0.4884006381034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780132705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898132","display_name":"Urban spatial structure","level":3,"score":0.4745693504810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.44043517112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777071753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898132","display_name":"Urban structure","level":3,"score":0.4366382360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.4329023063182831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4202001392841339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4120948016643524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4072880744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36113500595092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.21277514100074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.17094707489013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13933461904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su10051435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1435/pdf?version=1525494318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:1435-:d:144730","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1435/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su10051435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051435","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1435/pdf?version=1525494318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2800899271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2800899271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156634103","https://openalex.org/W229097380","https://openalex.org/W1600776393","https://openalex.org/W1898744853","https://openalex.org/W1972631516","https://openalex.org/W1977796963","https://openalex.org/W1984577933","https://openalex.org/W1995761138","https://openalex.org/W2000557274","https://openalex.org/W2012104916","https://openalex.org/W2017053662","https://openalex.org/W2023751553","https://openalex.org/W2024220066","https://openalex.org/W2030595443","https://openalex.org/W2033948094","https://openalex.org/W2039350330","https://openalex.org/W2042493333","https://openalex.org/W2047822617","https://openalex.org/W2050548736","https://openalex.org/W2054448337","https://openalex.org/W2055151393","https://openalex.org/W2057206092","https://openalex.org/W2059978726","https://openalex.org/W2067764197","https://openalex.org/W2068858840","https://openalex.org/W2078526627","https://openalex.org/W2079672634","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2098162994","https://openalex.org/W2112620321","https://openalex.org/W2127048411","https://openalex.org/W2131586477","https://openalex.org/W2155670545","https://openalex.org/W2164998314","https://openalex.org/W2174519730","https://openalex.org/W2285921503","https://openalex.org/W2361727301","https://openalex.org/W2381009124","https://openalex.org/W2407756320","https://openalex.org/W2410660554","https://openalex.org/W2490948962","https://openalex.org/W2509145720","https://openalex.org/W2525303652","https://openalex.org/W2546050308","https://openalex.org/W2549867648","https://openalex.org/W2552389075","https://openalex.org/W2560603808","https://openalex.org/W2597079492","https://openalex.org/W2622715095","https://openalex.org/W2731687682","https://openalex.org/W2732888442","https://openalex.org/W2741078791","https://openalex.org/W2750961433","https://openalex.org/W2759949121","https://openalex.org/W2783403821","https://openalex.org/W2791683943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104363285","https://openalex.org/W4386289966","https://openalex.org/W4200260849","https://openalex.org/W4283687388","https://openalex.org/W4309633023","https://openalex.org/W2998043476","https://openalex.org/W2954665074","https://openalex.org/W2892774417","https://openalex.org/W2473162436","https://openalex.org/W2496709305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"commuting":[1,50,55,77,136,141,160,172],"patterns":[2,78],"has":[3],"been":[4],"a":[5],"classic":[6],"research":[7],"topic":[8],"in":[9,181,191],"the":[10,24,37,52,63,75,85,95,123,132,135,140,159,171,178,206,210],"fields":[11],"of":[12,39,54,67,79,88,128,152,177,209],"geography,":[13],"transportation":[14],"and":[15,18,30,33,58,125,138,143,174],"urban":[16,27,80,184,200,211],"planning,":[17],"it":[19,70],"is":[20,71],"significant":[21],"for":[22,146],"handling":[23],"increasingly":[25],"serious":[26],"traffic":[28],"congestion":[29],"air":[31],"pollution":[32],"their":[34],"impacts":[35],"on":[36],"quality":[38],"life.":[40],"Traditional":[41],"studies":[42],"have":[43],"used":[44],"travel":[45],"survey":[46],"data":[47],"to":[48,62,73,93,103,116,157,204],"investigate":[49],"from":[51,134,170],"aspects":[53],"mode,":[56],"efficiency":[57],"influence":[59],"factors.":[60],"Due":[61],"limited":[64],"sample":[65],"size":[66],"these":[68],"data,":[69],"difficult":[72],"examine":[74],"large-scale":[76],"citizens,":[81],"especially":[82],"when":[83],"exploring":[84],"spatial":[86,96,187,207],"structure":[87,97],"commuting.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91,151],"attempts":[92],"understand":[94],"characteristics":[98],"generated":[99],"by":[100,105,199],"human":[101],"commutes":[102],"work":[104,126],"using":[106],"massive":[107],"mobile":[108],"phone":[109,129],"datasets.":[110],"A":[111,149],"three-step":[112],"workflow":[113],"was":[114,155],"proposed":[115],"accomplish":[117],"this":[118],"goal,":[119],"which":[120],"includes":[121],"extracting":[122],"home":[124],"locations":[127],"users,":[130],"detecting":[131],"communities":[133,168,179],"network,":[137],"identifying":[139],"convergence":[142],"divergence":[144],"areas":[145],"each":[147,192],"community.":[148,193],"case":[150],"Shenzhen,":[153],"China":[154],"implemented":[156],"determine":[158],"structure.":[161],"We":[162],"found":[163],"that":[164,175],"there":[165],"are":[166,180],"thirteen":[167],"detected":[169],"network":[173],"some":[176],"accordance":[182],"with":[183],"planning;":[185],"moreover,":[186],"polycentric":[188],"polygons":[189],"exist":[190],"These":[194],"findings":[195],"can":[196],"be":[197],"referenced":[198],"planners":[201],"or":[202],"policy-makers":[203],"optimize":[205],"layout":[208],"functional":[212],"zones.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}