{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799722232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","title":"Accuracy, reliability, and timing of visual evaluations of decay in fresh-cut lettuce","display_name":"Accuracy, reliability, and timing of visual evaluations of decay in fresh-cut lettuce","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799722232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","mag":"2799722232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29664945","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5903658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077074151","display_name":"Ivan \u0160imko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-8477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-8477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Simko","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-8477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064141457","display_name":"Ryan J. Hayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-316X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-316X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131963","display_name":"National Forage Seed Production Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02ngnwv51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210131963"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan J. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077074151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":1.2916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79851073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"e0194635","last_page":"e0194635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10473","display_name":"Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10473","display_name":"Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.07050000131130219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.0364999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fresh-cut-lettuce","display_name":"fresh-cut lettuce","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postharvest-decay","display_name":"postharvest decay","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-rating","display_name":"visual rating","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rater-reliability","display_name":"rater reliability","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rater-training","display_name":"rater training","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limits-of-agreement","display_name":"limits of agreement","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-atmosphere-packaging","display_name":"modified atmosphere packaging","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivar-screening","display_name":"cultivar screening","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.8821761012077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7153005003929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.7037107348442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5231424570083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.5035249590873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4663281738758087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781059462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158906","display_name":"Concordance correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4426572024822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168820333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448889","display_name":"Visual inspection","level":2,"score":0.41836944222450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.38238152861595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2612002491950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13593387603759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005504","descriptor_name":"Food Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018857","descriptor_name":"Food Packaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5903658","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5903658/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5903658/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4841099","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5903658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29664945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29664945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0194635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e64e580c4db4b398958cd48e03873c2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e64e580c4db4b398958cd48e03873c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e0194635 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799722232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799722232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562143687","https://openalex.org/W1990448174","https://openalex.org/W1992981648","https://openalex.org/W2004732416","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2020861455","https://openalex.org/W2029660335","https://openalex.org/W2030993841","https://openalex.org/W2045486899","https://openalex.org/W2069893715","https://openalex.org/W2070916791","https://openalex.org/W2072632733","https://openalex.org/W2091913822","https://openalex.org/W2124637326","https://openalex.org/W2125024353","https://openalex.org/W2127367027","https://openalex.org/W2128880148","https://openalex.org/W2132547083","https://openalex.org/W2142583696","https://openalex.org/W2148065814","https://openalex.org/W2156762605","https://openalex.org/W2163045254","https://openalex.org/W2182334983","https://openalex.org/W2184875301","https://openalex.org/W2291299348","https://openalex.org/W2292468977","https://openalex.org/W2313339984","https://openalex.org/W2419366374","https://openalex.org/W2461875679","https://openalex.org/W2490055042","https://openalex.org/W2501395923","https://openalex.org/W2523091666","https://openalex.org/W2559644758","https://openalex.org/W2565513003","https://openalex.org/W3010186394","https://openalex.org/W3023060882","https://openalex.org/W4256180616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401363226","https://openalex.org/W2045486899","https://openalex.org/W3175445487","https://openalex.org/W1995811231","https://openalex.org/W3170133929","https://openalex.org/W4400582450","https://openalex.org/W7042184787","https://openalex.org/W3192125533","https://openalex.org/W3195947703","https://openalex.org/W2725809181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"assessments":[1],"are":[2,185],"used":[3,269],"for":[4,60,107,162,197,208,270],"evaluating":[5,286],"the":[6,24,27,57,76,79,82,85,150,172,175,211,309,312],"quality":[7],"of":[8,29,32,78,145,149,153,167,174,183,194,239,242,272],"food":[9],"products,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,115],"fresh-cut":[13,35],"lettuce":[14,36,328,332],"packaged":[15],"in":[16,130,236],"bags":[17,54,163],"with":[18,38,164,249,334],"modified":[19],"atmosphere.":[20],"We":[21,140,284],"have":[22,46,141],"compared":[23],"accuracy":[25,103,136],"and":[26,40,81,102,117,135,246,279,302,330],"reliability":[28],"visual":[30,264],"evaluations":[31,61,271],"decay":[33,48,184,299,313],"on":[34,300],"performed":[37],"experienced":[39,108,198,250,260,321],"inexperienced":[41,209],"raters.":[42,109],"In":[43],"addition,":[44],"we":[45,225],"analyzed":[47],"data":[49,80],"from":[50,201,217],"over":[51],"4.5":[52],"thousand":[53],"to":[55,62,84,171,188,203,219],"determine":[56],"optimum":[58],"timing":[59],"detect":[63,325],"differences":[64],"among":[65,259,327],"accessions.":[66],"Lin's":[67],"concordance":[68],"coefficient":[69],"(\u03c1c)":[70],"that":[71,143,227,232,263],"takes":[72],"into":[73,308],"consideration":[74],"both":[75],"closeness":[77],"conformance":[83],"identity":[86],"line":[87],"showed":[88,120],"high":[89,257],"repeatability":[90,122],"(intra-rater":[91],"reliability,":[92,98],"\u03c1c":[93,99],"=":[94,100,105,124,133,138,206,222],"0.97),":[95],"reproducibility":[96,131],"(inter-rater":[97],"0.92),":[101],"(\u03c1c":[104,123,132,137],"0.96)":[106],"Inexperienced":[110],"raters":[111,199,210,229,251,261],"did":[112],"not":[113],"perform":[114],"well":[116],"their":[118],"ratings":[119,146,196,265,307],"decreased":[121],"0.93),":[125],"but":[126],"even":[127],"larger":[128],"reduction":[129],"0.80)":[134],"0.90).":[139],"detected":[142],"5.3%":[144],"were":[147,159,213],"outside":[148],"95%":[151],"limits":[152],"agreement.":[154],"These":[155],"under-":[156],"or":[157],"overestimates":[158],"predominantly":[160],"found":[161],"intermediate":[165,181],"levels":[166],"decay,":[168,240,273],"which":[169],"corresponds":[170],"middle":[173],"rating":[176],"scale.":[177],"This":[178],"occurs":[179],"because":[180],"amounts":[182],"more":[186,276],"difficult":[187],"discriminate":[189],"than":[190],"extremes.":[191],"The":[192],"frequencies":[193,212],"aberrant":[195],"ranged":[200],"0.6%":[202],"4.4%":[204],"(mean":[205,221],"2.1%),":[207],"substantially":[214],"higher,":[215],"ranging":[216],"6.1%":[218],"15.6%":[220],"9.4%).":[223],"Therefore,":[224],"recommend":[226,285],"new":[228],"receive":[230],"training":[231],"includes":[233],"practical":[234],"examples":[235],"this":[237,319],"range":[238],"use":[241],"standard":[243],"area":[244,310],"diagrams,":[245],"continuing":[247],"interaction":[248],"(consultation":[252],"during":[253],"actual":[254],"rating).":[255],"Very":[256],"agreement":[258],"indicate":[262],"can":[266,323],"be":[267],"successfully":[268],"until":[274,292],"a":[275],"objective,":[277],"rapid,":[278],"affordable":[280],"method":[281],"is":[282],"developed.":[283],"samples":[287],"at":[288],"multiple":[289],"time":[290],"points":[291],"42":[293],"days":[294],"after":[295],"processing":[296],"(about":[297],"80%":[298],"average)":[301],"then":[303],"combining":[304],"these":[305],"individual":[306],"under":[311],"progress":[314],"stairs":[315],"(AUDePS)":[316],"score.":[317],"Applying":[318],"approach,":[320],"evaluators":[322],"accurately":[324],"difference":[326],"accessions":[329],"identify":[331],"cultivars":[333],"reduced":[335],"decay.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}