{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798809754","doi":null,"title":"Introduction to Criminal Justice","display_name":"Introduction to Criminal Justice","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798809754","mag":"2798809754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2798809754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8778368M/Introduction_to_Criminal_Justice","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066087009","display_name":"Cliff Roberson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-3031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-3031"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cliff Roberson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-3031","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066087009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98327759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"criminal justice","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-system","display_name":"criminal justice system","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policing","display_name":"policing","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/courts","display_name":"courts","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrections","display_name":"corrections","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.6777317523956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.6428133249282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4755496680736542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32069748640060425}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2798809754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8778368M/Introduction_to_Criminal_Justice","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W655547379","https://openalex.org/W365973515","https://openalex.org/W404501237","https://openalex.org/W2982083740","https://openalex.org/W2970644553","https://openalex.org/W3136809927","https://openalex.org/W613555682","https://openalex.org/W3173180488","https://openalex.org/W1523000907","https://openalex.org/W2970552172"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2018-05-07T00:00:00"}
