{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797264579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601446","title":"Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere","display_name":"Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797264579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601446","mag":"2797264579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3601446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81146794","display_name":"African Economic History","issn_l":"0145-2258","issn":["0145-2258","2163-9108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315897","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041922042","display_name":"John V. Lombardi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John V. Lombardi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111381231","display_name":"Stanley L. Engerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley L. Engerman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104069999","display_name":"Eugene D. Genovese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene D. Genovese","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99026938,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"5","first_page":"55","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12512","display_name":"History of Colonial Brazil","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slavery","display_name":"slavery","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-hemisphere","display_name":"Western Hemisphere","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-inequality","display_name":"racial inequality","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transatlantic-slave-trade","display_name":"transatlantic slave trade","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slavery-in-the-americas","display_name":"slavery in the Americas","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8338249921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991870787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181982","display_name":"Western hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.7211399078369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4071614146232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3398338556289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.335121750831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.250857949256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2153927981853485}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3601446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81146794","display_name":"African Economic History","issn_l":"0145-2258","issn":["0145-2258","2163-9108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315897","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248748363","https://openalex.org/W2795839504","https://openalex.org/W2561630479","https://openalex.org/W4254113548","https://openalex.org/W2042498506","https://openalex.org/W4237087651","https://openalex.org/W4297930385","https://openalex.org/W2333506496","https://openalex.org/W2797957203","https://openalex.org/W4233230543"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00"}