{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796904032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1134488","title":"Delinquents and Criminals. Their Making and Unmaking","display_name":"Delinquents and Criminals. Their Making and Unmaking","publication_year":1927,"publication_date":"1927-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796904032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1134488","mag":"2796904032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1134488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1134488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1134488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178295","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","issn_l":"0885-4173","issn":["0885-4173","2160-0023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081776281","display_name":"F. Emory Lyon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Emory Lyon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046444325","display_name":"William J. Healy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-5041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-5041"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Healy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025535823","display_name":"Augusta F. Bronner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Augusta F. Bronner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":129.4369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99954975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"438","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.09030000120401382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.02979999966919422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delinquency","display_name":"delinquency","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-behavior","display_name":"criminal behavior","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-crime","display_name":"causes of crime","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"rehabilitation","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5757322311401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39962631464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35918697714805603}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1134488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1134488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1134488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178295","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","issn_l":"0885-4173","issn":["0885-4173","2160-0023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797620927","https://openalex.org/W1765962123","https://openalex.org/W1964412145","https://openalex.org/W2029136811","https://openalex.org/W573613291","https://openalex.org/W3006997721","https://openalex.org/W2725171615","https://openalex.org/W4299512746","https://openalex.org/W2075789550","https://openalex.org/W4248727219"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00"}
