{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794737535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27187","title":"MR imaging of magnetic ink patterns via off\u2010resonance sensitivity","display_name":"MR imaging of magnetic ink patterns via off\u2010resonance sensitivity","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794737535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27187","mag":"2794737535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29603366","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6107406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/mrm.27187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111160002","display_name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","issn_l":"0740-3194","issn":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6107406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043042624","display_name":"Stephanie L. Perkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-9069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-9069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie L. Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008058056","display_name":"Bruce Lewis Daniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-5892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-5892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce L. Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017843895","display_name":"Brian Andrew Hargreaves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-3508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-3508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian A. Hargreaves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043042624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03628499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"5","first_page":"2017","last_page":"2023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-ink","display_name":"magnetic ink","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-susceptibility","display_name":"magnetic susceptibility","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-suppression","display_name":"fat suppression","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-contrast-agents","display_name":"MRI contrast agents","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mr-phantoms","display_name":"MR phantoms","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.7776023149490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.7044498920440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6220105290412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6083990931510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.5606919527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994403803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12981547","display_name":"India ink","level":2,"score":0.5205463171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.47968196868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182155053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259682","display_name":"Pulse sequence","level":2,"score":0.4723052978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.45083653926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.4358023405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41078975796699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3206877112388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1487756371498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.11024618148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.103573739528656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09996744990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.06955480575561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000269","descriptor_name":"Adhesives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007281","descriptor_name":"Ink","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007866","descriptor_name":"Leg","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007866","descriptor_name":"Leg","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008280","descriptor_name":"Magnetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012879","descriptor_name":"Skin Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/mrm.27187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111160002","display_name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","issn_l":"0740-3194","issn":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29603366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29603366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Magnetic resonance in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5784164","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6107406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6107406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6107406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Magn Reson Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5784164","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6107406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2609487703","display_name":"Predoctoral Training in Biomedical Imaging at Stanford University","funder_award_id":"T32EB009653","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3990740972","display_name":"Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technology at Stanford","funder_award_id":"P41EB015891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8211051665","display_name":"High-Resolution Breast MRI at 3.0T","funder_award_id":"R01EB009055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000099854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH P41 EB015891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332457","display_name":"GE Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt24h27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529328398","https://openalex.org/W1964318214","https://openalex.org/W1964651831","https://openalex.org/W1973148314","https://openalex.org/W1978134131","https://openalex.org/W1984775160","https://openalex.org/W2001341657","https://openalex.org/W2019353431","https://openalex.org/W2049537886","https://openalex.org/W2065765413","https://openalex.org/W2072274183","https://openalex.org/W2072952547","https://openalex.org/W2082087152","https://openalex.org/W2083863641","https://openalex.org/W2088435744","https://openalex.org/W2113430372","https://openalex.org/W2113704708","https://openalex.org/W2166718502","https://openalex.org/W2334724558","https://openalex.org/W2463020799","https://openalex.org/W2607532607","https://openalex.org/W2754370524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000720333","https://openalex.org/W3008619205","https://openalex.org/W7219495023","https://openalex.org/W4376143605","https://openalex.org/W1788760889","https://openalex.org/W2333264552","https://openalex.org/W4392122920","https://openalex.org/W7128170114","https://openalex.org/W2052573108","https://openalex.org/W2979670489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"field":[1,49],"perturbations":[2],"based":[3],"on":[4,187,227],"printed":[5,137,192,207],"shape":[6],"and":[7,39,199,226],"magnetic":[8,37,85,93,108,172,194,209],"susceptibility.":[9],"This":[10,170],"can":[11,196],"be":[12,116,185,197,215],"exploited":[13],"for":[14,43,152],"contrast":[15],"in":[16],"MR":[17,188,228],"imaging":[18],"techniques":[19],"that":[20,220],"are":[21,221],"sensitized":[22],"to":[23,31,71,89,99,115,156,167,184,214],"off-resonance.":[24,169],"The":[25,55,106],"purpose":[26],"of":[27,36,51,78,110,136],"this":[28],"work":[29],"was":[30,57,113],"characterize":[32],"the":[33,76,90,100,111,140,149,164,168,212],"susceptibility":[34,109],"variations":[35],"ink":[38,86,94,112,150,165,173,195,210],"demonstrate":[40],"its":[41],"application":[42],"creating":[44],"MR-visible":[45],"skin":[46,91,101,174,205,218],"markings.":[47],"METHODS:":[48],"maps":[50],"a":[52,61,67,84,124,133,178],"custom-built":[53],"phantom.":[54],"phantom":[56],"also":[58],"imaged":[59,198],"using":[60],"3D":[62],"gradient":[63],"echo":[64],"sequence":[65],"with":[66,83,180,193,201,208],"presaturation":[68],"pulse":[69],"tuned":[70,155],"different":[72,144],"frequencies,":[73],"which":[74],"adjusts":[75],"range":[77],"suppressed":[79],"frequencies.":[80],"Healthy":[81],"volunteers":[82],"pattern":[87],"pressed":[88],"or":[92],"temporary":[95],"flexible":[96,204],"adhesives":[97,206],"applied":[98],"were":[102],"similarly":[103],"imaged.":[104],"RESULTS:":[105],"volume-average":[107],"estimated":[114],"131":[117],"\u00b1":[118],"3":[119],"parts":[120,129],"per":[121,130],"million":[122,131],"across":[123],"1-mm":[125],"isotropic":[126],"voxel":[127],"(13,100":[128],"assuming":[132],"10-\u03bcm":[134],"thickness":[135],"ink).":[138],"Adjusting":[139],"saturation":[141],"frequency":[142],"highlights":[143],"off-resonant":[145],"regions":[146],"created":[147],"by":[148,224],"patterns;":[151],"example,":[153],"if":[154],"suppress":[157],"fat,":[158],"fat":[159,183],"suppression":[160],"will":[161],"fail":[162],"near":[163],"due":[166],"causes":[171],"markings":[175,219],"placed":[176],"over":[177],"region":[179],"underlying":[181],"subcutaneous":[182],"visible":[186,222],"images.":[189,229],"CONCLUSION:":[190],"Patterns":[191],"identified":[200],"MRI.":[202],"Temporary":[203],"have":[211],"potential":[213],"used":[216],"as":[217],"both":[223],"eye":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-04-06T00:00:00"}