{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794636627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","title":"How Investors Can (and Can't) Create Social Value","display_name":"How Investors Can (and Can't) Create Social Value","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794636627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","mag":"2794636627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3150347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032730677","display_name":"Paul Brest","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146825","display_name":"Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146825"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Andrew Brest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030787365","display_name":"Ronald J. Gilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136188","display_name":"European Corporate Governance Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04egehb02","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["BE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronald J. Gilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Law School, 435 West 116th Street, New York, NY 10025, United States","European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), c/o the Royal Academies of Belgium, Rue Ducale 1 Hertogsstraat, 1000 Brussels, Belgium","Stanford Law School, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, CA 94305-8610, United States","Columbia Law School","European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)","Stanford Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Law School, 435 West 116th Street, New York, NY 10025, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), c/o the Royal Academies of Belgium, Rue Ducale 1 Hertogsstraat, 1000 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Law School, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, CA 94305-8610, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109255345","display_name":"Mark A. Wolfson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Wolfson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Graduate School of Business, 655 Knight Way, Stanford, CA 94305-5015, United States","Stanford Graduate School of Business"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Graduate School of Business, 655 Knight Way, Stanford, CA 94305-5015, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Graduate School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030787365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188","https://openalex.org/I78577930","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.10509999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-value-creation","display_name":"social value creation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socially-responsible-investment","display_name":"socially responsible investment","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-alignment","display_name":"value alignment","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-measurement","display_name":"performance measurement","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-companies","display_name":"public companies","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-enterprises","display_name":"private enterprises","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"stakeholder engagement","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset-managers","display_name":"asset managers","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundations","display_name":"foundations","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6254503726959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371297","display_name":"Socially responsible investing","level":3,"score":0.5988378524780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.5650385618209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.561989426612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159480233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17082023","display_name":"Impact investing","level":3,"score":0.5375876426696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.5210670828819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.474644273519516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47071024775505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7629431","display_name":"Style investing","level":2,"score":0.46040642261505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186027771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008379","display_name":"Valuation (finance)","level":2,"score":0.45298510789871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4129686653614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.2576308250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.22049829363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.09569141268730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3150347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.columbia.edu:faculty_scholarship-3099","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2098","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3150347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794636627.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794636627.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247221575","https://openalex.org/W2786710834","https://openalex.org/W4243035645","https://openalex.org/W4406710300","https://openalex.org/W4281905786","https://openalex.org/W2205058670","https://openalex.org/W3042756701","https://openalex.org/W3122074755","https://openalex.org/W4312874987","https://openalex.org/W6959832950"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2018-04-06T00:00:00"}
