{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791706339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","title":"Tsunami mitigation by combination of coastal vegetation and a backward-facing step","display_name":"Tsunami mitigation by combination of coastal vegetation and a backward-facing step","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791706339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","mag":"2791706339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214080","display_name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1793-6292","issn":["1793-6292","2166-4250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012212743","display_name":"Ghufran Ahmed Pasha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-5373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-5373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72253084","display_name":"Saitama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02evnh647","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}],"countries":["JP","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghufran Ahmed Pasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan","Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047073813","display_name":"Norio Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-2173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-2173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72253084","display_name":"Saitama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02evnh647","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Norio Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110546273","display_name":"Junji Yagisawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-6480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-6480"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72253084","display_name":"Saitama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02evnh647","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junji Yagisawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039532784","display_name":"Fuadi Noor Achmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72253084","display_name":"Saitama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02evnh647","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuadi Noor Achmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047073813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92134603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14146","display_name":"Earthquake and Tsunami Effects","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14146","display_name":"Earthquake and Tsunami Effects","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsunami-mitigation","display_name":"tsunami mitigation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-vegetation","display_name":"coastal vegetation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-facing-step","display_name":"backward-facing step","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-east-japan-earthquake","display_name":"Great East Japan Earthquake","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/froude-number","display_name":"Froude number","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miyagi-prefecture","display_name":"Miyagi Prefecture","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsunami-run-up","display_name":"tsunami run-up","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206835866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273090","display_name":"Froude number","level":3,"score":0.9094927906990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.8006817698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6593162417411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778320725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68530","display_name":"Flume","level":3,"score":0.5978294014930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5304954051971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.45057374238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4432843327522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.4432024359703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3574426770210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07427969574928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2018.1437014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214080","display_name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1793-6292","issn":["1793-6292","2166-4250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5984030533","display_name":"Compound defense methods considering the three-dimensionality of inundation current and destruction of structures and coastal forest","funder_award_id":"15H02987","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1818725210","https://openalex.org/W1966514946","https://openalex.org/W1967198978","https://openalex.org/W1985298840","https://openalex.org/W1986108993","https://openalex.org/W1994467337","https://openalex.org/W1995109162","https://openalex.org/W2002219086","https://openalex.org/W2005283186","https://openalex.org/W2005694472","https://openalex.org/W2005702196","https://openalex.org/W2007770723","https://openalex.org/W2008393178","https://openalex.org/W2011744826","https://openalex.org/W2023940503","https://openalex.org/W2029484700","https://openalex.org/W2032194263","https://openalex.org/W2034274155","https://openalex.org/W2046349246","https://openalex.org/W2055637875","https://openalex.org/W2058043946","https://openalex.org/W2058044590","https://openalex.org/W2063904975","https://openalex.org/W2081133817","https://openalex.org/W2085690498","https://openalex.org/W2087858858","https://openalex.org/W2091934631","https://openalex.org/W2094544335","https://openalex.org/W2105785737","https://openalex.org/W2123925869","https://openalex.org/W2139176759","https://openalex.org/W2160884795","https://openalex.org/W2166718345","https://openalex.org/W2168827337","https://openalex.org/W2178349353","https://openalex.org/W2294550118","https://openalex.org/W2330315007","https://openalex.org/W2406061781","https://openalex.org/W2470839318","https://openalex.org/W2478858246","https://openalex.org/W2508600224","https://openalex.org/W2515102252","https://openalex.org/W2516046294","https://openalex.org/W2594011598","https://openalex.org/W2728561299","https://openalex.org/W2799017645","https://openalex.org/W2800772809","https://openalex.org/W2911726764","https://openalex.org/W3003314394","https://openalex.org/W4241855375","https://openalex.org/W6633269398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310349471","https://openalex.org/W2898253662","https://openalex.org/W4304633822","https://openalex.org/W1977639580","https://openalex.org/W260620674","https://openalex.org/W2382959180","https://openalex.org/W2329673837","https://openalex.org/W2522870777","https://openalex.org/W2912151752","https://openalex.org/W4303646025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,22,34,43,51,58,71,93,110,149,153,163,166,172,186,200],"2011":[2,23],"Great":[3,24],"East":[4,25],"Japan":[5,26],"tsunami,":[6,27],"many":[7],"improvements":[8],"have":[9],"been":[10],"made":[11],"in":[12,36,61,157,165,182,190,209],"both":[13],"hard":[14],"and":[15,55,75,119],"soft":[16],"solutions":[17],"for":[18],"tsunami":[19,52,97],"mitigation.":[20],"After":[21],"a":[28,80,86,89,114,120,125,139,178,183,193],"post-tsunami":[29],"survey":[30],"was":[31,40],"conducted":[32,107],"along":[33],"coast":[35],"Miyagi":[37],"Prefecture,":[38],"which":[39],"one":[41],"of":[42,50,70,135],"most":[44],"tsunami-affected":[45],"sites":[46],"because":[47,199],"rapid":[48],"acceleration":[49],"currents":[53],"broke":[54],"washed":[56],"away":[57,76],"trees,":[59],"resulting":[60],"extensive":[62],"damage":[63],"to":[64,108,133,143,204],"inland":[65,74],"houses.":[66],"In":[67],"contrast,":[68],"some":[69],"houses":[72],"located":[73],"from":[77,177],"vegetation":[78,94,137,181],"with":[79,92,124,148,162,196,207],"dropping":[81],"step":[82,90,126,140],"survived.":[83],"This":[84],"shows":[85],"possibility":[87],"that":[88,134],"combined":[91],"offers":[95],"greater":[96,129],"energy":[98,111,130,155,188,201],"reduction":[99,112,131,156,189,202],"by":[100,146],"providing":[101],"additional":[102,144],"resistance.":[103],"Laboratory":[104],"experiments":[105],"were":[106],"investigate":[109],"through":[113],"compound":[115],"defense":[116],"system":[117],"(vegetation":[118],"backward-facing":[121],"step).":[122],"Vegetation":[123],"(VS)":[127],"showed":[128,192],"compared":[132],"only":[136],"without":[138,180],"(OV)":[141],"due":[142,203],"loss":[145],"collision":[147,205],"bed":[150],"surface.":[151],"However,":[152],"relative":[154,187],"OV":[158],"remained":[159],"almost":[160],"constant":[161],"increase":[164,208],"initial":[167],"Froude":[168,173],"number":[169,174],"(F0,":[170],"where":[171],"is":[175],"obtained":[176],"model":[179],"flume),":[184],"whereas":[185],"VS":[191],"decreasing":[194],"trend":[195],"increasing":[197],"F0":[198],"decreases":[206],"water":[210],"depth":[211],"or":[212],"F0.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
